Blue Tooth Technology Essay

Bluetooth is an open ensample for speech and information transmission. Besides the applications for this new technology, e. g. the radio connection between wandering(a) brand and terminal equipment, also the organise of the Bluetooth system architecture is presented. The set-up of so-c anyed short- chemical chain ad hoc networks (picvirtuosots and scatternets) volition be introduced. Bluetooth wireless technology is an open, accepted standard for wireless communication which means that Bluetooth electronic equipment lot communicate as long as they atomic number 18 within approx.10 meters of each former(a), reservation it attainable to move out data, speech, music or images without a physical connection. The rambling telephone manufacturer Ericsson invented Bluetooth technology, naming it after the Viking King Harald Bluetooth. Just as King Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Nor track, Bluetooth technology unites various types of electronic equipment to form a coherent whole. Ericsson formed the foundation for Bluetooth as early as 1994, provided the standard was not indicatey for use until 1998. The first Bluetooth products came on the market in 2000.Today, Bluetooth technology can be found in solely types of electronic equipment including smooth phones, mobile headsets, PCs, keyboards, mouse devices, printers, GPS navigation units, video cameras and grievous bodily harm PCs and new products be emerging every day. Today, Bluetooth technology is an essential casual tool to be found in a variety of electronic equipment. The technology strains it easy to polish off speech between a mobile phone and a headset, a mobile phone and a sacking computer or images from a digital video camera to a PC.Even though two Bluetooth units can find each other and be connected, because they both comply with the standard, it may not necessarily pretend sense for them to speak to each other. For instance, a Bluetooth mouse would not earnings much from a connection with a digital camera, or a headset with a keyboard. The basic requirement for Bluetooth units to be able to communicate is that they are located within 10 meters of each other. That is the range of the Bluetooth radio waves at least under the current standard.The study intents to (1) know the key features of Bluetooth technology (2) evaluate Bluetooth Special Interest group (SIG) and its key role in maintaining specifications of the protocol, profiles, testing and qualification, interoperability and compatibility and (3) how Bluetooth applies to wireless technology. II. Background As Bluetooth technology becomes more common, however, we allow undoubtedly see CD players that send sound to amplifiers via Bluetooth, which then transfer the sound to speakers in the same way.A Bluetooth enabled pocket computer will automatically synchronise with a companys diary and make sure that the days e-mails are ready to be read on the screen. And car radios will turn the music down and transfer the speech from a mobile phone when it rings (see Bluetooth. New commonplace cyclopedia, pp. 36-38). Moreover, the Bluetooth brand is now recognized worldwide on products with short range wireless communication capabilities. The brand is a label that is not a single company technology but is shared by many a(prenominal) members of the Bluetooth SIG.The brand is applied to devices implementing the Bluetooth technology even if it says little about the way the technology works (see Bluetooth. New Standard Encyclopedia, pp. 36-38). III. Discussion A. Features of Bluetooth Technology The logotype for Bluetooth is based on Runes surrounding the legend of Harald Bluetooth. Bluetooth the technology is based on communications central to mans own personal space. fundamentally Bluetooth operates within the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band at 2. 4 GHz.It is a short-range wireless communication standard defined as business replacement for a Personal Area Network (PA N) (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). jut 1 is the Bluetooth Logo. A cable replacement standard has been defined because cables desexualise mobility of the consumer they are cumber rough to carry around, are easily lost or broken. Often connectors are prone to difficult to diagnose failures or are proprietary. To counteract these limitations Bluetooth is designed to be light and portable. It can be introduce to take the riggers of physical knocks and shocks.It includes standards and protocols to make it mobile, robust, veritable and not limited to one manufacturer (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). The operating band also fits the goals of Bluetooth, imposing requirements as a cable replacement. The appeal needs to be comparable with cable. Reductions can be achieved by operating in the licence free 2. 4 GHz ISM band, keeping backward compatibility wherever possible lowers the cost of ownership by avoiding upgrades and hav ing a relaxed radio specification enables single baulk integrated circuit solutions.It also needs to be as reliable and resilient as cable and cope with errors and degradation caused by interference. For mobile devices it must be compact, lightweight, low power and easy to use (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). A. 1 Frequency Hopping We pay addressed the reasons for the Bluetooth without delving into the nuts and bolts of the technology to recrudesce how it operates. For the majority of countries the ISM band used by Bluetooth is available from 2. 40-2. 4835 GHz, although some countries impose restrictions.In this band Bluetooth uses Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques in localize to improve its immunity from interference (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth unify Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In unrestricted countries the radios vamoose in pseudo random sequences around all available conveys, this equates to 79 RF channels w ith a channel position of 1 megacycle per second. Starting at a base relative relative frequency of 2402 MHz then the frequency of the channels, f, can be expressed as f =2402 + n MHz where, n, is the channel number with an integer value in the range of 0 to 78.In restricted countries a limited frequency hopping schemes with just 23 channels is used and is catered for in the Bluetooth specification. Both hopping schemes have a 1 MHz channel spacing making it possible to design a simple radio interface whereby the baseband only has to bushel a channel number and the radio multiplies this up to the allot frequency offset (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In this FHSS scheme in that location are 1600 hops per second, which is a hop every 625 s.Part of this hop timing is taken up by the guard time of 220 s allowing the synthesizer time to settle. The frequency hopping implements time division multiplexing as shown in Figure 2. The basis of the scheme has the Master device transmitting in the first 625 us expansion slot, k, and here the Slave receives. In the next slot k = 1 the Slave is permitted to transmit and the master listens (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). Figure 2 Frequency Hopping, master and slave act on corresponding slotsThe radio must be able to retune and energize on a new frequency within tight time constraints. This is pushed gain when establishing a connection the hop rate can be shortened to every 312. 5 us. As the radios are constantly hopping to incompatible radio channels, this ensures that packets affected by interference on one channel can be retransmitted on a different frequency channel. To further enhance resilience both ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and FEC (Forward Error Correction) form incite of the specification (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall).One drawback with the normal ho p sequence is the time taken for production testing. Bluetooth ensures adequate frequency coverage with a test sequence allowing the radios to be tested at a faster rate (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). A. 2 The Bluetooth SIG and Specifications If the victor of Bluetooth is measured by its initial interest alone then its projection has already been assured. Before products were on sale, hundreds of companies joined the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Bluetooth brand became recognized worldwide.Before investigating the technology further it is appropriate to comment about the role played by the SIG, the administrative structure of which is outlined in Figure 3. With membership of the SIG nearing 2500 members it is only right to go out at how the SIG works to promote, shape and define the specification and position Bluetooth in the market place. Positioning of the technology is important when you consider other wirele ss technologies that share the same ISM band, e. g. IEEE802. 11b, HomeRF and DECT. Differentiation is key in avoiding bewilderment of potential users.