Adolescent Years Essay

A childs body begins a period of fast change in size and shape nearly around the age of 10 old age in misss and 12 years in boys. This is called the puerile growth spurt. During the next four years, an average out girl may grow 10 inches taller and kick upstairs 40 to 50 pounds. An average boy may grow 12 inches taller and gain 50 to 60 pounds. At the same time, their body shape begins to change, too. The nutritional requirements of young deal atomic number 18 influenced primarily by the spurt of growth that occurs at puberty. The tiptop of growth is generally between 11 and 15 years for girls and 13 and 16 years for boys.The nutrient require of individual teenagers differ greatly, and aliment for thought intake skunk vary enormously from day to day, so that those with unequal or excessive intakes on atomic number 53 day may hygienic compensate on the next. In this period of life, several nutrients atomic number 18 at greater deficiency danger including bid and calcium. Iron Among adolescents, iron-deficiency anemia is one of the around common diet-related deficiency diseases. Adolescents argon particularly susceptible to iron deficiency anaemia in view of their adjoind blood muckle and muscle-builder plenitude during growth and development.This raises the need of iron for building up hemoglobin, the red pigment in blood that carries oxygen, and for the related protein myoglobin, in muscle. The increase in lean body mass (LBM), composed mainly of muscle, is more important in adolescent boys than in girls. In preadolescent years, LBM is nearly the same for both sexes. Once adolescence starts, however, the boy undergoes a more quick accumulation of LBM for each additional kilogram of body sesst over gained during growth, last up with a final LBM maximum value double that of the girl.The iron needs of adolescents atomic number 18 relatively high this is because iron is needed to step in the blood lost during menstruation in girl s and to support the growth of muscle mass in boys. The RDA for iron for boys is 11 mg/day, while the RDA for girls is 15 mg/day. If energy intake is adequate and adolescents consume feed sources of haem iron such as lean meat/fish/domestic fowl each day, they should be able to sports meeting the RDA for iron. All these factors should be interpreted into account when assessing iron needs in this group of age.One of the most important diet considerations during adolescence is an increase in the intake of iron-rich foods such as lean meats and fish as rise up as beans, dark one thousand ve poseables, nuts and iron-fortified cereals and opposite grains. Iron from animal foods is much better listless than iron from non-animal sources. Adolescents spare-time activity vegetarian diets are t herefore at an increased risk of iron-deficiency. However, vitamin C (e. g. from citrus fruits) and animal proteins (meat & fish) assist in the absorption of hematin iron. atomic number 20The skeleton accounts for at least 99% of the body stores of calcium and the gain in skeletal weight are most rapid during the adolescent growth spurt. About 45% of the adult skeletal mass is formed during adolescence, although its growth continues well beyond the adolescent period and into the deuce-ace decade. All the calcium for the growth of the skeleton must be derived from the diet. The largest gains are made in early adolescence, between about 10-14 years in girls and 12-16 years in boys. The AI for calcium from age 9 through adolescence is 1,300 mg/day.This amount of calcium can be difficult for umteen adolescents to consume because the quality of foods they select is ofttimes less than optimal to meet their nutrient needs. However, this level of calcium intake is easily achieved by keep back at least 3 servings of dairy farm foods or calcium-fortified products daily. The achievement of apex of the suns way arise mass during childhood and adolescence is crucial to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later years. By eating several servings of dairy products, such as milk, yogurt and cheese, the recommended calcium intake can be achieved.As well as a good dietary supply of calcium, other vitamins or minerals, like vitamin D and phosphorous, are needed for building up osseous tissues. forcible bodily process is in any case essential, particularly weight-bearing exercise, which provides the stimulus to build and retain bone in the body. Activities such as cycling, gymnastics, skating, ball games, dancing and supervised weight training for at least 30-60 minutes a day, three to vanadium times a week can facilitate build bone mass and density.Making the right dietary and lifestyle choices early in life will help young people develop health-promoting behaviors that they can follow throughout life. Encouraging Healthy Foods Dietary habits that affect food preferences, energy role and nutrient intakes, are generally developed in early childhood and p articularly during adolescence. The home and school environments play a major role in determining a childs attitude to, and consumption of individual foods. Teenagers, as well as universe exposed to periodic food fads and slimming trends, tend to skip meals and develop illegal eating habits.One of the most frequently missed meals is breakfast. Studies show that breakfast plays an important role in providing needed energy and nutrients after an all-night fast and can aid in concentration and performance at school. Snacks generally form an integral part of meal patterns for both children and teenagers. jr. children cannot eat large quantities at one sitting and very much get hungry long before the next regular mealtime. Mid-morning and mid-afternoon racinesss can help to meet energy needs throughout the day.Fast-growing and active teenagers often have substantial energy and nutrition needs and the teaching of food and nutrition in the school curricula will enable children to have the companionship to make informed choices about the foods in their regular meals and pungencys. Energy unavoidably Normally, the energy requirements of adolescents tend to parallel their growth rate, and individuals meet their energy needs by means of their appetite with adequate precision. As a result, the legal age of adolescents maintain energy balance, and a varied food intake provides competent nutrients to ensure optimal growth and development.Stress and emotional upsets however can seriously affect the energy balance in adolescents, resulting in the consumption of too little or too much food. Mild or severe infections, nervousness, menstrual, dental or skin problems (acne) can result in alterations of appetite, and those adolescents on marginal diets are the most vulnerable. Emotional stress is often associated with food faddism and slimming trends, both of which can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is at once a major nutritional problem and the condition is likely to append into adulthood. Developing adolescents are particularly concerned about their body sign and excessive weight can have profound effects on their emotional well being as well as on their corporal health. The cause of obesity is multifactorial and socio-economic, biochemical, genetic, and psychological factors all fast interact. Lack of activity plays an important role in the development, progression and prolongation of obesity in adolescence.Surveys of young people have found that the majority is largely inactive and health professionals and governments are now encouraging high levels of physical activity among children and adolescents. Physical inactivity does not only have a prime role in the development of overweight and obesity, entirely also on the development of chronic diseases such as bone marrow disease, certain cancers, diabetes, hypertension, bowel proble ms and osteoporosis in later life. In addition, physical activity is related to improvements in body flexibility, balance, agility and co-ordination and strengthening of bones.The current testimonial is for children to try to be physically active for at least 60 minutes daily. The adolescent growth spurt requires many different nutrients. Calcium is especially important for bone growth and health because 45% of the bone an adult has is built up during adolescence. Although some teenagers become concerned that they are not changing as rapidly as their friends or other classmates in school, there is wide variation in the age at which the adolescent growth spurts starts. It is generally more dependent on the ancestral characteristics than on being a certain age.It is important to emphasize that changes in body size and shape are part of normal adolescent development. Females gain proportionally more body fat during this time, while males gain proportionally more muscle and bone mass. One of the changes taking get off during adolescence is the varying hormonal levels in the body. These hormones are responsible for the changes seen in the physical development of the body and secondary characteristics such as facial bull growth and deepening voices. For most micronutrients, recommendations are the same as for adults.Exceptions are made for certain minerals needed for bone growth (calcium and phosphorus). Dieting is not appropriate at this stage of life, it is important for teens to stick to a ample diet and get lots of physical activity. A healthy diet consists of fruits, vegetables, unit grains, nuts, lean proteins, low-fat dairy products, beans, lentils and healthy fats from olive oil, avocado, nuts and fish. It is also important for teens to verification hydrated and drink water throughout the day. The following menu provides approximately 2,500 calories and is broken down into three meals and two snacks.Since you hold outt have control over how many calor ies your teen eats, here are some ways you can encourage them to eat healthy. pass on them to eat snacks between meals and to try not to go over 4 hours without eating. This will help keep their energy up and help them to stay focused in school. Encourage them to include a fruit or vegetable with every meal and snack. This will help to ensure they are eating adequate vitamins, minerals and fiber. Breakfast Breakfast should include 2 servings of fruit, 1 serving of protein and 3 servings of whole grains.An vitrine meal is 1/2 instill of berries, 6 oz. range juice, 1 whole grain beigel and 2 tbsp. peanut butter Mid-morning Snack A mid-morning snack should include1 dairy or dairy substitute serving, 2 whole grains and 1 fruit. An example snack is string cheese, 8 whole grain crackers and ? cup of grapes. Lunch Lunch should include 2 servings of vegetables, 3 whole grains, 3 servings of protein and 2 servings of dairy or dairy substitute. An example meal is a turkey sandwich with 2 slices of whole grain bread, 3 oz. of turkey, 2 slices of cheese, 10 whole grain pretzel sticks, ? cup baby carrots. Bring a separate bag of veggies like tomatoes and lettuce to add to the sandwich.Mid-afternoon Snack A mid-afternoon snack should include 1 whole grain, 1 protein and 1 fruit. An example snack is to make trail mix and mix together ? cup whole grain cereal and 1/4 cup nuts and dehydrated fruit. Dinner Dinner should include 3 servings of vegetables, 4 whole grains, 3 servings of protein, and 1 serving of low-fat dairy or dairy substitute. An example meal is 1. 5 cups of whole grain alimentary paste topped with ? cup tomato-based pasta sauce 1 slice of garlic toast 3 oz. of whiner breast 1 cup salad topped with carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers and olives 1 tbsp. salad dressing and 1 cup of skim or 1-percent milk.

Mistakes Managers Often Make

While workings in a book bindery as a summer job, I came across a private instructor who stony-broke one of the 101 Biggest Mistakes Managers Make. The rule broken was showing discrimination non based on performance.This bindery, worked in a factory like setting, and chartered most passel for minimum wage. The salary offered attracted a range of people from students, to housewives, and foreign speaking Americans. I accepted the position for minimum wage, and was dexterous to be busy for the summer months. What I was not happy with was the favoritism that ran rampant throughout the bindery.My manager began showing signs of favoritism in genuinely small ways, further as the summer wore on, the signs of favoritism began growing and growing. It seemed that this occurrence bindery hired relatives, friends and anyone who knew anyone. Obviously, this can be an asset as soundly as a negative. In my case, it was a definite negative. My manager had several relatives and friends work ing in that location that were her obvious favorites. Since I was not re youthfuld and had known her previously, I began to notice a pattern of more difficult jobs qualifying to me, and the easier jobs going to those that she knew or liked better than me.When I brought this to her attention I was told that there was no favoritism going on and was making something out of nothing. As this pattern continued, other workers began to take notice and become irritated. They were reluctant to anticipate her due to the fact that they knew I had, and not provided received no satisfaction, it seemed that I was no even more unpopular.The jobs that came my way now were ugly. The books were passing heavy to pack, messy to inspect and often scattered throughout the bindery so I had to go find them. I discover my workload and noticed the workload of the favorite ones was much, much different. Theirs consisted of paperback books, that needed little to no inspecting and were light to pack and al ways on the same cart in the same place.I finally was able to convince a a few(prenominal) people to come forward so that the issue could be resolved. regrettably they did not receive satisfaction either. In fact, they were labeled troublemakers and their workload drastically changed for the worse very quickly.At this point, I felt personally accountable for their unhappiness and difficulty at work so I obdurate to take the next step. As professionally as I could be, I spoke to Human Resources about the situation. I was assured that it would be address with the person immediately and I would not find any get on unfairness. I was sure that this was the end. Work would return to normal and the workload would be evenly distributed again soon.What I did not expect was further unfairness. This manager now truly detested me and her actions were comp permitely obvious. Now my jobs were piling up and all nightmare jobs. My coworkers that had come forward now seemed to be get a break. A ll their bad jobs were coming my way instead. I knew that this had bygone from a professional disagreement to a personal one. I didnt know what to do. I wanted to stand up for myself but feared future day retaliation.This was just supposed to be an easy summer job. I wasnt sure if it was worth all the headaches. Still, I knew what I had to do. I do an appointment with the Vice President to discuss the matter. He boasted of an open threshold policy and this time I was positive that it would be handled once and for all. My coworkers were neural for me and still upset about what had transpired between them and her. They were not interested in coming forward with me, and I didnt blame them. This was supposed to fun. even so to support me, they began taking frequent breaks, working slower, coming in late and caring less and less about the condition of the books that were being move out. I have to admit, although not intentional, my attitude had gotten worse which directly resulted in less care with the books. Work in this part of the bindery was grinding to a slow halt. Our division was getting further and further behind but nothing was done. We were just instructed to work harder and faster.My meeting with the Vice President went well and the days after that went along much smoother. Unfortunately by the time this meeting took place, the summer was almost over and we were still weeks behind in production.I left that summer wondering how this had happened at all. It was a elementary issue I had thought. I had expected maturity and professionalism. I didnt know that people like this, with this type of mentality existed in hurrying management. I learned that this type of person exists on all levels and what was a simple issue that could have been resolved in five minutes, dragged on for almost three months and resulted in hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars being lost or wasted.During my meeting with the Vice President I explained how simple this issue i n reality was and the only reason it had gotten to him was because it had not been handled in the first place. I let him know that employees need a person they can go to when issues arise.I suggested a non-bias person that could listen and act appropriately. Having to go through the range of a function of command is a good way to start but when the business isnt resolved there has to be someone available, without the busy history of the Vice President. The whole situation was an eye opener and taught me not only how to stand up for myself professionally but how to make suggestions that may assist a company avoid these mistakes in the future.

Constitution

ingrained LAW initiateIAL DISCUSSION 2 a) Discuss the fundamental difference between the probationary natural constabulary and the belief under Kaseng v Namaliu. The provisional law of natures are organic laws that were enacted origin all toldy the formation came into outgrowth. The organic laws were enacted by the National Constituent Assembly forraderhand the Independence. gibe to naval division 266 of the governance it states (1) If before Independence sidereal twenty-four hours the constitutive(a) assembly has made an instrument verbalised to be a provisional organic law, the instrument takes effect, on Independence Day, as if it were an organic law made and coming into effect on that day. 2) If before Independence Day the constituent assembly has made an instrument expressed to be a provisional act of fan tan made for the purpose of bringing every provision of this report into effective operation on Independence Day, as if it were an act of sevens made and coming into effect on that day. indeed the provisional organic laws take its effect on the independence day of Papua New Guinea on the 16th of September 1975. The organic laws were choose into the constitution and force of laws were given to these provisional laws. thusly the provisional organic laws were enacted and came into operation together with the constitution since the constitution has to come into power first before it expressly authorised the organic laws as utter in fraction 12(1) (a) where it state an organic law is a law made by the Parliament in respect of a matter of provision for which by way of an organic law is expressly authorised by the constitution. stock-still in the case of Kaseng and Namaliu 1995 PNGLR 481 the premiere for western province Isidore kaseng on behalf of all premieres is arguing against the transient of constitutional amendment No 16.In this case the authorising law which is the constitutional amendment No 16 is not yet being enforced whe n they draw a bead on to amend the organic law on provincial organisation, thus the passing of the OLPGLLG was referred to as void by kaseng because it is inconsistent with the constitution under section 12(1) (a). and then the fundamental difference between the situation in the ruling of kaseng v Namaliu and the provisional organic laws is that on the former case the code of the provisional law takes place at different times epoch the proposal law and constitutional Amendment 16 occur at the alike(p) time on the latter case. ) Discussion Discuss the case of NTN pty v The State 1986 PNGLR 167 In this case the contract was between the NTN pty the applicant and the State. hither the state went into an agreement with the NTN pty to start a commercial television receiver send out to an existing iodine. They agreed to start their broadcasting according to clause 4. 2 of their contract on 14 July 1986. The NTN pty limited then got itself a endorse and venture into the business. However there was a change in the government on July 10 1986.The modern government through the fantan exercised its legislative power under section 109(3) (b) and enforced a new parliamentary act the radiocommunication (television) regulation in 1986. This act prohibits the broadcast of television until 31st January 1988. Thus, from this cause the NTN pty filed a case against the validity of the act. The state consume that the electromagnetic spectrum is within the borders of PNG and so no one has the right to irritate it since its the property of PNG unless given permission.The state further on to statute title that the act made is not against the fundamental right to freedom and materialisation and publication. Therefore the NTN pty applied to the national court pursuant to section 57 of the constitution claiming its right to the freedom of teaching under section 46 of the constitution. Thus the situation went into appeal to the Supreme flirt and the Supreme Court held that the Act was unconditional since it did not comply with section 38 and it as well as violet the applicants right to publish and broadcast information under section 46 of the constitution. (c) Discussion i) How the constitution can be alter as specified under section 13 According to section 13 of the constitution it states this constitution may be altered only by law made by the Parliament that- (a) Is expressed to be a law to alter this constitution and (b) Is made and prove in accordance with section 14 (making of alterations to the constitution and organic laws). Therefore section 13 clearly state that to make alteration to the constitution the law must be expressly authorised by the constitution and also it must in accordance and certified with section 14 of the constitution.Section 14 provides with the steps to embody before a proposed law is introduced into the parliament. When it enters the parliament the speaker will then certify that law in the parliament. Thus to alter the proposed law to the constitution by the parliament that same formality must be followed with the support of the mass of votes as stated in section 17 of the constitution. (ii) In the making of alteration of the constitution and the organic laws under section 14 and 17 of the constitution, the procedure the parliament has to follow is firstly to propose a law to alter the constitution or organic law.Since these are no ordinary laws the laws must be carefully supported by a majority of vote as stated in section 17 of the constitution whereby it states subject to this section, in tattle to a proposed law to alter a provision of this constitution the positive(p) majority of votes for the purpose of section 14 ( making of alterations to the constitution and the organic laws) is the majority of votes prescribed by this constitution in relation to that provision, or if no majority is prescribed a both third majority vote. However the parliament must debate this proposed law duri ng different meetings of the parliament and separated in time by at least two months as stated in section 14 (2) (a) (b). further on section 14 (2) (b) state the proposed law must be produce by the speaker in full in the National Gazette, and calculated, in accordance with the standing of the parliament, to all members of the parliament not less than one month before it is formally introduced into the parliament. When the proposed law finally circulated to all members of the parliament then the speaker will announce under the National cast and according to the parliament standing orders section 100, when the procedure is complete the new law will then come into operation. Therefore the alteration to the constitution and organic law can be done at this stage. Bibliography Kwa E . L, 2008, Constitutional law of Papua New Guinea, UPNG Press, PNG, p. 27. Kwa E .L, 2001, PAPUA NEW wop CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, UPNG Printery, PNG, p. 10. PNG Law Report. UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA CONSTIT UTIONAL LAW TUTORIAL dickens NAME LETIARA PELLIE ID NUMBER 20131227 PROGRAM LLB 1 TUTORIAL DAY WEDNESDAY 5-6PM TUTOR LECTURER AFREN MENEI DUE DATE 22/03/13 1 . Kwa E L 2008 Constitutional Law of Papua New Guinea UPNG press PNG p27 2 . PNG Law report 3 . Kwa L E 2001, PAPUA NEW GUINEA CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, UPNG Printery PNG p, 10.

“Allegory of the Cave” Analysis Essay

The Allegory of the cave is an metaphor written by Plato with the social function to represent the way a philosopher gains intimacy. This allegory is a fictional dialogue between Socrates and Glaucon, where Socrates comp ares the issues appearance vs. earthly concern, education vs. ignorance. There are both oddballs of knowledge represented in this allegory, the one that is told and expected to be believed and accredited and the one that is learned by a persons take experiences through life. The writing is organized in a way in which the author tells a story in a sequence of pellucid events that makes the reader understand better. It wasnt really clear for me the way he described the guess metaphorically and it was difficult to visualize the scenario to realize the purpose behind it because of the rarity of it. Thats why I went through it so many times, but once I was able to understand what was handout on and where the point was, I could see that the way he explained and the fanciful evidence he used was very strong. Plato writes about Socrates describing a scene where there are chained people in a blasphemous cave.They keep back been there since their childhood and they preempt barely move their heads. screwing them, at the distance, there is a blazing fire, and between the fire and the captives there is a wall meant for objects to pass. Because of their limited vision ( need of movement), those men can barely see their own shadow and the shadow of unalike sculptures that pass over the wall, which are carried by other men they cant see. iodine of those prisoners is released and starts walking around the cave. He is very confused by what he sees but finally he realizes that the shadows are just a government agency of what is really there. The prisoner is forced to go out of the cave, his eyes grow to adjust to the sun light, and he cant look at anything more than shadows. Accustomed to the light, he begins to see other objects like tre es, flowers and houses and he realizes that the perspective he had about the world was completely different from what it really is.Finally the prisoner comes back to the cave to convince the others about the conception of the things he saw. Accustomed to sunlight, he sees blurry shadows, making others laugh, and they would remark that it would get down been better, if he had stayed in the cave, and if someone tries to release another prisoner, that person should be caught and put to death. Platos main idea is to reflect the different stages and the runof education, how a philosopher can reach the top and become enlightened. In this allegory the chained men symbolize the most unreasonable and ignorant people. The released prisoner who confuses fake objects and the fire with cosmos, and has not even left the cave, symbolizes those people who feeling awkward about the growth of knowledge and who are not assemble to confront it. The released prisoner that comes out of the cave a nd tends to return, represents the man accustomed to the error, who doesnt recognize the truth even when it is in front of him, and is afraid to submit their past views. When he comes out, and he only sees the shadows and the reflections of natural things, those actions symbolize the process of adaptation and preparation.The final process, where he becomes enlightened, is represented when the now ex-prisoner is able to agreement the Sun as the cause of all things. Returning to the subject of the types of knowledge, these devil ways of thinking referred to by Plato represent two completely different aspects of us. That kind of knowledge where the persons belief is based on what he/she can see or hear due to his/her lack of education is discernable when the people in the cave see the images on the cave wall created by the puppets and figures with the fire and hear the echoes. These people would mark off things as reality solely because they believe what they are being told. This type of knowledge is based on truths without any type of personal connection. The sanction type of knowledge, which is based more on learned life experiences, is evident in the released prisoner who discovers the real world through his own experience. another(prenominal) important point about the allegory is the uses of certain treatments which have a particular meaning in the story, making the reader campaign themselves to understand the greater meaning behind his words.Some of those words are shadow, cave, fire, prisoners, voices and light. The word prisoner refers to ourselves, arguing that we are prisoners of our own beliefs. The cave is the virtual(prenominal) prison made by ourselves because of the ignorance behind our minds. The word shadow, represents an illusion of reality, a false vision of the truth, are those false ideas created by the lack of knowledge that people live by in this world. The fire, in my opinion, is what produces the false reality or world of appearanc es. The voices represent the authority those things we believe are true(a) just because someone told us, like a teacher in a classroom, the government in a country, your parents at home, etc.Finallythe word light or the Sun, used to represent the ultimate truth, the answers found to those erroneous beliefs that you thought were true. I completely agree with Plato and I think we can apply this logic to many equations we face in life as intelligent, moral and empathetic people. I learned that people see reality as the patent world when reality really is more than the visible world. This text helped to push me along the way because it is directly related with college life, where a successful student is the one who considers that his/her mission is questioning and challenging the legitimacy of those things that we believe are true.

Madcap CraftBrew and Bottleworks Company Case Analysis

As this case study begins, madman Craftbrew & Bottleworks, Inc. finds itself at the crossroads of having to make critical strategical tradeing and promotional decisions regarding its Zebra beer defacement. In this paper, the situation will be evaluated in-depth, and levels of action will be chosen based on the analysis of the available data difficulty StatementThe problem facing impulsive at the present era is the fact that despite positive consumer feedback and strong results in test markets, the Zebra brand is not as profitable as it could/should be in say to generate sufficient revenues (Rosenthal & T intumesces, 1999).Primary Critical IssuesMadcap has to contend with several(prenominal)(prenominal) primary critical issues, some of which are inherent in the chicane brewing industry, as well as some that are unique(p) to Madcap itself. In summary, these issues are as follows (Rosenthal & Twells, 1999) Microbrew drinkers are typically not brand loyal, making the developmen t of a strong core market difficultOnly a small percentage of beer drinkers are microbrew drinkers boozing distributors usually do not like to stock larger quantities of fashion/microbrews in their retail locations, which results in less product available for sale, which keeps mountain sales lowThe Zebra brand is not widely recognized, nor does a large merchandise budget existCurrent packaging characteristics (the painted bottle, merchandise from Mexico) have been causing production delays and prompting concerns from retailers who place a high value on beers with paper labels on the bottlesZebra is priced lower berth than competitors such as Sam Adams, placing it in a lower perceived value house than competitors brewsEvaluation of AlternativesGiven the challenges posed by the microbrew industry itself, as well as the practical options available to Madcap, the following alternatives, and the viability of each, are as follows utilise the new marketing strategy that has been su ccessful in Bloomington test marketing efforts, which includes lower product price, more distributor incentives, and more advertising expenditures report with the current positioning and marketing strategyProposed Course of ActionThe course of action that Madcap should take in this situation, from a strictly strategic point of view, is the employment of the Bloomington plan, with the exception of price adjustments. This choice was made for several key reasons first, the unconventional and volatile nature of the microbrew industry demands forward idea and creative marketing second, price point should be evaluated to avoid pricing the product in such a way as to lower its perceived value in the eye of the consumer. These strategies hold the potential to strive the desired goals of Madcap in the short and long term.References(Rosenthal & Twells, 1999) (Rosenthal D W Twells R W 1999 Madcap Braftbrew & Bottleworks Inc Zebra Beer-Its Not All Black and White)Rosenthal, D. W., & Twells, R . W. (1999). Madcap Craftbrew & Bottleworks Inc Zebra Beer-Its Not All Black and White. Richard T. Farmer School of Business Administration, matrimony American Case Research Association.

Air Canada Summary Essay

This paper is an in-depth analysis of the General Conditions of Carriage and altogether the clauses that adept essentialiness abide by when front with nimbus Canada. Each clause ordain be looked at and explained to see what it means and what is implied by the clause. All the crease rightfulness c at oncepts that we commence learned in divide go forth past be applied to the contract to do attend each(prenominal) the risks that port Canada may or may non be vulnerable to and what hike steps they outhouse extend to defend themselves.I will then get at recommendations to both look Canada on how they wad improve their contract, as easy as the customer, warn them most the dangers that raise arise if they bump off the terms and conditions lightly when signing a contract or in this case, purchasing a aero flavorless ticket. product line Canada conks the customer fair warning that they should familiarize and shade cheery with their curbs and regulation s out front purchasing a ticket, and near tribe overlook this step. The lessons I obtain learned after looking for into the clauses and analyzing them will then be looked at.These lessons will help iodineself me as the customer when dealing with an organization much(prenominal) as tenor Canada. Fin in ally, we will be looking at the legal corrective mea for certains that can be utilize to fix the contractual issues that support been found in song Canadas General Conditions of Carriage. These mea authorizeds atomic number 18 there to non only clarify all clauses that may be unclear that may cause confusion, save besides to help put stock Canada in a better position, so that they dont construct to be amenable or take liability for whatever unfortunate correctts or situations that may occur on cardinal of their safety valves.These corrective measures will overly help the customer as s considerably up so they will remunerationl more safe, secure and comfo rtable when trajectory with Air Canada and their staff. The objectives of this paper ar to analyze all the clauses that Air Canada has provided when transient with their skyways. I compulsion to be able to read and understand each one c atomic number 18 amply. If there is every vagueness with one of their rules than it will be brought up as a institutionalise of word. Another goal is sound to understand all the clauses and learn something that I did not repel laid to arrest with.I quickly became aw be right after scanning over the conditions quickly that there atomic number 18 many rules I did not know existed and most people would be shocked to learn that they ease up to devote up that right when immobile with Air Canada. I to a fault motive to look at the clauses and see if I consider them to be fair. nigh people would be shocked to learn of some of the clauses including the fact that in almost all situations where the end result is bodily scathe or rase death , Air Canada is protected and does not need to assume any responsibility for what happened.Of course, if something like this happens just due to negligence on the deviate of an Air Canada employee, that is a whole other story that will be discussed later on. If I find that I dont mobilise a point is fair, it will be a topic of discussion where I will recommend a solution that can help both parties. For the most part, customers and riders of Air Canada moldiness understand that they atomic number 18 not macrocosm forced to take a evaporateing with their airlines. Air Canada is execute a service for them and if they decide to accept this service then they must be willing to abide and play with Air Canadas rules.This is because the master(prenominal) objective of Air Canada when writing up this contract is to provide a service where they can make a pro outfit, but do it in a expression where they are not at risk and cannot get into legal trouble. People must remember that th e contract is not be drawn up for their rise up be, it is being drawn up for the well being of the company so that they are protected at all times. Air Canada has done a pretty healthy job of this as will be discussed later. It is important to look into all this as a student in traffic because Air Canada is more than just an airlines, its a business.All businesses put on the similar mentality, whether its an airlines, a law firm or an ice cream service this mentality is that they must look out set- plump for for number one which is themselves, make sure that they cannot be hurt by the legal system, and then secondly, attempt to carry through their customers to the best of their ability. This General Conditions of Carriage for Air Canada is a very good example for a student like myself in a commerce program about how the business world unfeignedly works.The reason for this is because we are studying an actual contract for an actual company in the real world that drive home to deal with all the concepts and principles we talk about in class on an everyday basis. General Conditions of Carriage for Air Canada Air Canadas General Conditions of Carriage starts off with its Important Conditions section. The runner point is that passengers must get their embarkation pass and check in luggage by their check-in deadline. The deadline varies depending on where the unwavering is departing from and going to.If you are flying within Canada, the check-in deadline is 30 minutes prior to the jutes overtaking with a boarding admittance deadline of 20 minutes. If you are flying from Canada to the United States or vice-versa, the check-in deadline is 60 minutes prior to take-off with a boarding gate deadline of 20 minutes. Finally, if you are flying from Canada to anywhere else in the world, the luggage check-in deadline is 60 minutes with a boarding gate deadline of 30 minutes. All this is just to ensure that the relief valve can take-off quick at the plann ed time so that there would be no unnecessary breaks and so the airlines can continue running smoothly.Obviously, it takes lasting to mastermind a plane when it is going to a foreign pastoral versus just staying in Canada. That is why the deadline for check in as well as the recommended check in times are both greater when flying outside of the country. The second point is that they power fullyy recommend that passengers reconfirm their flight prior to the day of their flight. Passengers can check their flight status online or call their flight training system number. This is so that customers can feel safe that they are on the flight.Also, when calling in, they can ask any questions they have about their flight. By doing this prior to the day of the flight, this can help speed up the boarding process on the day of. The one-third condition is that the passengers assigned seat is not a guarantee and can possibly change without notice. If this does happen, Air Canada will do the ir best to transfer the soulfulness to a seat close by, and will try to make it of the same class or service. Any relevant fees will be refunded. This would be an unfortunate event but sometimes these situations cannot be avoided.If this happens, the only option Air Canada has would be to try and say you the closest possible arrangement that you were expecting and paid for. The fourth condition is that any be active credits banked for unused tickets are not transferable. When the credit is used, it must be used by the same person whose name appears on the original ticket or document. Air Canada has put this clause in their so that people can not just work together, grammatical construction up credits and having it be used on one person and essentially getting to fly free because of all the credit that has been built up.This also encourages people to save up their credit so that they can get a larger discount on a flight in the future. The fifth condition is that voluntary ch anges to a passengers flying program may require the payment of additional fees for upgrades. If the person has a non refundable ticket, and this incident results in an unexpected trip cancellation or emergency, Air Canada will not be able to make any exceptions and the fee will still need to be paid. For this reason, locomote insurance is strongly recommended.This condition is notifying the customer that trip cancellations, whether it is the customers fault or not, may still require that the person pays the ticket. This is the reason why travel insurance is important and is offered. Of course, they recommend this travel insurance because it is another(prenominal) way for them to make money for the company. The General Conditions of Carriage then discusses the Checked dish antennagage Policy. This policy says that passengers are entitle to a free canvass baggage allowance depending by the persons fare, depot, sequence of flight and popular flyer status.If the passenger has pai d more for the flight, they are entitled to more free check baggage. I would assume that if the destination that they are traveling to is farther away, they would also offer more checked baggage since destinations that are farther away usually indicate that people will be staying there longer. For example, a vacation to Australia would most likely be longer than a trip to Calgary. The date of the flight also has something to do with the criterion of free checked baggage one can shape with them on the flight.The busier the day is, the less flexibility a passenger would have with being allowed to admit a large number of luggage with them. Finally, people with a better frequent flyer status are also entitled to more free checked baggage because this indicates that they are a truehearted customer that continues to go back to Air Canada and the company would like to reward them for that loyalty. Passengers who travel on a codeshare flight, which is an Air Canada flight number but is operated by another airline, the person is subject to the rules of the airline operating the first flight of their flying program.If at anytime the person must recheck their baggage with another airline for their next connecting flight, the rules of that airline applies. You can tell if your flight is being run by a codeshare partner by looking for the Operated by note appearing when you are selecting flights on aircanada. com. The checked baggage limitations are broken up into two classes, economy class and executive first class. For economy class, the maximal overall measurement (length+width+height) cannot pass off 158cm and the maximum weight is 50 pounds.For executive first class, the maximum measurement cannot exceed 158cm as well but the maximum weight is 70 pounds. If these limits have been exceeded, additional checked baggage charges will apply. Again, Air Canada is rewarding people that buy a higher priced ticket by allowing them to flummox more with them onto the pl ane. They are probably also assuming that the majority of people go in first class are flying for business associate reasons and may require to have more things brought with them on the trip.If a passenger chooses to transport additional baggage, then Air Canada requests that they show up cxx minutes before departure. Each additional bag that a person checks may cost up to $100. This is a not a refundable action so if the additional bags are delayed the cost stands as is. A small signifyion would be that Air Canada should notify the customer about why some additional baggage costs more than others so customers can plan ahead to see if they demand to explore this option.Codeshare flights have the same rules as previously stated. If these additional bags exceed the weight and coat limitations, the passenger will need to contact their local Air Canada payload sales office for the shipment of the bags. Air Canada also stresses that all your checked baggage are properly identifi ed. Air Canada tries their best to make sure that the person and their baggage is transported on the same flight, however, many things can make this task challenging and sometimes it cannot be avoided.Since this does occur from time to time, they suggest that a passenger should put their information inside the bags as well because sometimes external tags can be damaged or detached. If the tags on the outside of the bag are damaged it can sometimes be impossible to locate who the owner of the bag is. Many people have the same type of baggage so this can lead to even more confusion. Air Canada does not take responsibility for lost baggage but they are at least trying to help their customers so this type of thing doesnt happen.There are some items that must be brought in your carry-on baggage which is what you bring with you on the plane to your seat. These items embroil laptops, house and car keys, medication, cash and high set items such as cameras, jewellery and electronic device s. The reason why Air Canada requisites these high valued and often breakable items to be carried with the passenger is so that if a checked bag gets lost, there would be a lot more complaints since that bag could potentially contain hundreds of dollars worth of stuff.If something inside the bag breaks, Air Canada does not want to be responsible for that. Air Canada makes it clear that oversized carry-on bags are not allowed as this can take up too a lot space, cause trouble and ultimately delay flights. Each person can carry two pieces of carry-on luggage with them on the plane. This implicates one carry-on bag or suitcase which cannot weigh more than 22 pounds and cannot have dimensions larger than 23cm by 40cm by 55cm. A back pack, duffle bag or one of those over the shoulder purses would fall under this category.They may also bring along a personal article like a briefcase, laptop, camera case or something of that nature. This article cannot weigh more than 22 pounds and cann ot have dimensions larger than 16cm by 33cm by 43cm. Items that may also be brought onto the plane in addition to your carry-on items intromit coats, infant care system, cell phones, mp3 players or a special need item. Special need items include objects that a person would need for mobility such as a cane, crutch or parley device.Generally anything that is small comme il faut to fit inside your pocket or can easily be carried by hand is welcome. A container carrying manner sustaining items or personal medication is self-explanatoryly acceptable as well. ever since the terrorists attacks of 9/11, security and precautions for boarding an airplane are tighter and more complete(a) than theyve ever been to prevent anything like that from ever chance again. This is why a new policy has been put into place which doesnt allow passengers to bring liquid or gels in containers over 100ml/100g with them when boarding the plane.These items will be confiscated at the security checkpoint and additional charges may be applied in order to check the items safety. Bombs and other formidable weapons can be make from certain types of liquids and Air Canada does not want to take any chances. Air Canada advises that passengers that are waiting for connecting flights do not buy these types of items until they reach their destination because this can be a waste of money if they are confiscated once again turn boarding for the connecting flight. There are a angle of items that are prohibited from being brought on as a carry-on item.These items should be stored in the passengers checked baggage. approximately of these items include sharp, astute or cutting objects such as scissors, knives, saws and drills as well as potentially dangerous sporting equipment such as ice skates or hunting equipment such as rifles and hunting gear of that nature. The only exceptions to this rule are syringes or needles that are for personal medical use. This must be accompanied by the prescrip tion medication. Electronic devices that can interfere with the planes navigational or communication equipment are also not allowed.The use of Bluetooth headsets, radio transmitters and laser pointers will not be tolerated as they can interfere with the flight systems or the staff aboard the plane. These items should be stored in the checked baggage, however, as previously stated, Air Canada is not responsible for the destruction or bolshy of these items. There are other items considered dangerous goods that will be brought up. There are also items that are acceptable items to bring with you as carry-on items that people may be confused about. These items include electronic devices for entertainment such as cameras, portable video plot devices, laptops and mp3 devices.One book of matches per person as well as a specific type of lighter are also items that are allowed to be brought with you on the plane. Everything else that cannot physically harm another person or are small enough to fit the size requirements of carry-on baggage are eer acceptable. Passengers may also bring their cats or small dogs with them provided that they stay in its carrier under the owners seat at all times. For one way travel within Canada or to the United States, deliverance a favorite along costs $50, cannot weigh more than 22 pounds (carrier included) and the carrier cannot have dimensions larger than 23cm by 40cm by 55cm.This is because the airline attendants must be able to comfortably move around the plane as well as the fellow passengers. For one way travel to anywhere else, bringing a dearie along costs $100 with the same limitations. For certain destinations such as Hawaii, pets must be stored under the plane with the checked baggage. To be eligible for this, the passenger will need to enter their pet within 24 hours of booking the flight with Air Canada Reservations. The pet must be at least 8 weeks old and fully weaned as well.Other implications incriminate having to arrive 30 minutes prior to the recommended check in time as well as always be bestowed under the passengers seat. These requirements are for the pets safety as younger pets are not full developed, are weaker and may be more susceptible to sickness. There cannot be more than one pet per passenger and unaccompanied minor league cannot bring a pet with them. No pets are allowed in the Executive start Suite and the carrier will count as the persons one standard carry-on item.The reason why no pets are allowed in the Executive First Class Suites is because the people in first class have paid good money for these seats and they should not have to deal with the noise or nuisance that another passengers pet may cause. Since there are many allergy sufferers, Air Canada advises that you advise the agent at the check-in gate prior to departure and they will try as hard as possible to move you or the pet owner. Air Canada makes it clear that they will not be responsible for the loss, sickness or death of any pet even if it was accepted for transportation.For safety reasons, many items have been deemed dangerous goods and must not be brought in the checked baggage as well as carry-on baggage. These dangerous goods include compressed gases, explosives, flammable liquids, poisons or briefcases with installed alarm devices. Firearms, alcoholic beverage and oxidizing materials are all examples of items not allowed on a plane for obvious reasons. The last thing Air Canada would want is an unfortunate situation where one of their passengers have been seriously hurt because they allowed a dangerous item on board that clearly should not have been allowed.Air Canada is subject to the rules of the Montreal normal and capital of Poland Convention. These are both conventions that regulate the liability for international fishing gear of persons, baggage or goods performed by an aircraft. These rules are here to protect the airline if an accident occurs and bodily harm or damage to goods result. Going back to the General Conditions of Carriage, Air Canada states that they are not liable for perishables or liquids, nor are they responsible for the loss of valuable items such as money, jewellery, computers, business documents and so on.Air Canada also states that they are not responsible for the bodily harm or even death of one of their customers. When locomotion, Air Canada requires that passengers provide information about themselves before boarding a plane. It is the passengers responsibility to provide these travel documents as well as the documents of any squirtren travelling with them. Additional documents may be needed depending on the persons country of origin. The qualifying is the best accepted piece of documentation proving a persons citizenship.Air Canada indicates that a customer must bring their passport as part of their proof of citizenship. For Canadian and American citizens, a valid passport is always needed. Some other countries require that your passport be valid for at least 6 months prior to flying to their country. This is so that there will be no complications once arriving in their country that can cause unnecessary and lengthy delays. Children must also have their own documentation and cannot get by with just their parents documentation. Some countries allow this but this is not the case in Canada.For children, birth certificates showing the names of both parents, legal documents referring to custody and parental consent (if child is travelling with only one or neither of their parents) are all documents that must be showed on behalf of the child. The reason for this is they do not want one of the parents to have the authority or opportunity to leave the country with their child if theyve had a feud with the other parent. There have been stories of couples that have gotten divorced and one of the parents take the child and leave to an unknown destination.Air Canada does not want to have to take responsibility fo r something like that happening on their airlines. For Visas, different countries have different rules and Air Canada suggests that you check with your travel agents for visa requirements of the countries you are planning to drive through. Some general rules include obtaining your visa well in advance to your flight because this may involve mailing your passport in briefly as well as the chance that there may be a long delay if you apply for a visa from a third country while travelling.Upon arrival in a foreign country, it may be compulsory that a passenger must prove that they have sufficient specie to support themselves for their intended stay. This can include showing proof of a visa for that country if that is a requirement. The reason for this is countries dont want to accept people that are going to end up quarantined in their country because they dont have the money to leave. This can only lead to trouble which they understandably do no want to deal with.Only Canadian perm anent nonmigratorys from non visa-waiver countries travelling outside Canada are required to carry a valid Canadian permanent resident card in addition to a valid passport to tax return to Canada from a commercial flight. This card proves your immigration status. Without it, the person will be unable to board the plane. Though most people are fit to take a plane, Air Canada realizes that there are some customers that may have special needs and they will try their best to include these people.This assistance can include special meals or assistance for minors travelling without their parents. Anyone that may need assistance about checking in and boarding the plane will get the help they need as well as routine check ups to make sure they are doing fine. If a customer has a disability such as having to use an voltaic wheelchair, needs medical oxygen or has a severe medical or mental disability, it is important that they give 48 hours notice before departure as well as check in 2 ho urs before departure.This will give Air Canada and its employees enough time to plan and prepare for the passengers arrival so that there will be no delays and so that they can make the persons flight figure as enjoyable as possible. If Air Canada decides that the person is in such a bad state that they think flying would be harmful to their health, I believe Air Canada will not allow them to fly with their airlines for the benefit of the customer, but also for the benefit of their fellow passengers as well as the flight staff that would have to deal with this problem.There is also a section of the General Conditions of Carriage that talks about obligation regulations. The Montreal Convention or the Warsaw Convention system may be applicable to your journey. This may limit the liability that Air Canada carries for death or bodily injury as well as loss or damage to baggage as well as delays. If the Montreal Convention and Warsaw Convention systems both do not apply, the liability limit for loss or damage to baggage is $1500 per person. Any actions that one brings up in court must happen within 2 years of the date of arrival of the flight you were on.There is one final section in the General Conditions of Carriage which is an Overbooking Notice. This indicates that flights may become overbooked and there is a small chance that a seat may not be available for a person that has a confirmed reservation. No one will be denied a seat until an employee asked if there is anyone willing to give up there seat for that flight. If there are not enough volunteers, passengers will be denied according to the airlines boarding precession list.Passengers denied clearance for the flight will be compensated. The full rules are available at all airport ticket counters and boarding locations. The problem with this rule is that the boarding priority list is they give priority to the passengers that paid more for their ticket. This can be viewed as social discrimination as gener ally speaking, people that have more money to spend on luxury items will be the ones buying the more expensive ticket. This problem will be looked at and analyzed later on in the article.

History of human resource management

Human alternative worry has al slipway been a pause of mans life even before its name was suggested. This tonics subject publisher will discuss how tender-hearted imagination management has changed all told over the years. The paper will withal discuss how the changes in workforce has effected the piece resource management of today. The effects of globalization in todays HRM will also be looked after in this paper. The world has changed over the years and so has the romps. New jobs pee been created and nowadays grok is interpreted divers(prenominal)ly by the employers.The economy has brought a big change in how people take the challenges of human beings resource today. History of Human resource management Human resource management means to manage the people. It is also cognize as personnel management at times. The human resource management has changed over the last(prenominal) years. Now it is non only more or less relations with the employees of the nerve but t o also see other move of the organization. The human resource managers of today are more involved in workforce identification and establishment of the firms.Today it is more about strategically managing the firms. Different definitions deal been given in the past after tone at the changes that occurred in this field of human resource (Mote, n. d. ). In the past, human resource management was referred to as the labor management. Chinese are known to be the pioneers of the management. Before any other man came up with the pattern of human resource the Greeks had already developed the mood of it. Many past civilizations used the concept of human resource management but were not familiar that what it exactly was.The main idea of HRM remains the same and that is to confuse maximum productivity for the organization. The difference that has arrived is of the strategies that are now involved in achieving this goal of greater productivity by proper management of labor (Lockwood, 2005) . In the start the economies around the world were based on agriculture. muckle worked as farmers or worked for landlords to earn their nourishment. Everyone was on their own and only landlords were the basal human resource managers at that time. Then came the industrial revolution and things changed. hands shifted. People switched jobs. A big lot left farming and locomote towards working in an industry to earn a better living. cod to this revolution immigration towards developing countries also increased. The human resource management became more complex now. The task now was to deal with people from different nationalities (Khilawala, n. d. ). The culture was different and therefore styles had to be adapted in parliamentary procedure to maximize productivity. Proper techniques were developed and recruitment and selection took place through proper channels.With the rise of industrial revolution also came the task of dealing with unions. The human resource section thus had to find ways to take apart conflicts between unions and management. The function of HR changed over again. A major shift came from the idea of having a corporate culture. This way people were given more importance. The energy was not the only important factor then. The workers comfort to gain efficiency was now the issue. Human resource management had to again go through the new process of developing new ways of keeping the employees fit.The people started looking for jobs that would give them more satisfaction and an surround where they can achieve success with satisfaction. Now it was just not the period of industry but competitive industries(Friedman, n. d. ). Different laws came and the human resource department gained more importance. The corporate put a lot of emphasis on this department because a lot of laws had been passed and no organization wanted a law suit against them from their employees. The human resource department took a new turn when strategic human resource management was introduced.New strategies were now involved and the human resource department was being looked at from a different angle (Mote, n. d. ). The human resource management of today is an completely different thing. People shift jobs and look at the aspects of better living styles. Globalization has changed the way people see human resource department now. The multi national companies have salubrious human resource managers in found to look after the employees from different nationalities. This helps in building a strong reputation of the organization. The human resource managers of today not only have to look after the people but the organization as a whole.The main job of todays human resource managers is to have a focused approach of how the strategies of the organizations will be followed. So it all depends on the human resource managers and their style of management that how they carry the organization in order to achieve greater productivity. The better the attitud e of human resource manager the better would be the response from the employees. It is the main job of the managers to keep a focused approach on how to keep the managers and employees satisfied specially in todays world where there component is so diversified.

Mental health and illness

The nature of kind wellness and mental sickness has been described as strifeed. Who be the contestants and what is the contest about? The Mental Illness has always been considered as a repugn issue, because this is the only execrable of unfortunate human beings, which is being highly misunderstood. thither be different types of mental indispositivirtuosos that atomic number 18 suffered by human beings, and in each mental bedridness there are number of complexities mixed similar social problems, defect in any part of the capitulum etc.Psychologists, psychiatrists, doctors and sociologists, who so ever are dealing with the issue of Mental illness are contestants to this issue and advocates their own perceptions like Psychiatrists consider mental illness as a physical state of debilitation and look at it from the social angle, whereas doctors dictates it as a faulty or malfunctioning split of the brain, such as infections, genetic defects and chemical imbalances withi n the individual, and neglects the wider social pic which is an ingredient part of illness.How well does the idea of labeling explain what happens to some genius who is diagnosed as ment all toldy ill?When a mortal is diagnosed mentally ill, he or she is denominate., a doctor or practitioner trick understand the gaudiness of his problem and potful prescribe the best treatment for him. Thus labeling erect be a boon in disguise. Naturally if doctor labeled a person as mentally disable, that means he is considering the symptoms that a person is showing which is typical of mental rowdiness and can delve upon the problem and chart out the solutions.Critically review the evidence that there is an association between mental health and socio- sparing inequality.No doubt there is a deep association between Mental Health and socio economic inequality. Socio economic inequalities lead to high psychiatrical morbidity, disability, depression, Schizophrenia. Studies by the World Psycholo gist, 2005 October 4(3) 181185 on 10,108 adults sr. 16-65 resident in private households in the UK reveal that people who had no access to a car had an odds ratio for neurotic disorder of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.7), compared with those who had access to two or more cars. People who rented their homes were alike at increased risk of depression (1.3 1.1-1.5). These Income inequalities in the western foodstuff economies last 20 years had adverse consequences on the mental health of the people. Basically, the inferiority complex is a basic root and cause of this frightful problem.Discuss how a family might affect and be affected by one of its members having a psychiatric diagnosis mental illness.Families of the affected roles suffering from severe psycho symptoms often suffer from heavy emotional and social strains. Many households may accept the patients, moreover the social rejections that are followed can cause hard consequences on the whole family. They can lead to strains of men tal illness on a marriage life may also be truly devastating. The divource rate is high among people who have depression or bipolar disorder.How might consultation be used to improve the sensitivity of mental health services to different needs?Consultation is a genuinely important means of service delivery for mentally ill electric shaver and adolescents. Consultation can be provided in number of ways pigeonholing or individual fixed session or on collect clinical-based or area office-based. For psychiatrists, the consultancy service is a very blue-chip experience. Trainees engender an awareness of the herculeanies facing social work staff in difficult cases. The social work team also gains considerable benefit from an casual consultation service, which can improve their skills in further understanding the patient problems. Through consultation, social workers can go into the depth of the causes of the problems of mentally ill within the family setting.Many people who have mental health problems are socially isolate. What can be done to provide them with informal backing and familiarity if they want this?The stigma that is attached to the mentally ill patients leads them to be discriminate from the Society. Lot can be done for mentally ill patients. They can be, as suggested by World Health Organization (WHO), http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs218/en/ openly discussing about the problem of mental illness in the community. Providing accurate discipline on the causes, prevalence, course and effects of mental illness Countering the negative stereotypes and misconceptions surround mental illness Providing support and treatment services that enable persons suffering from a mental illness to participate fully in all aspects of community life. Ensuring the existence of legislation to reduce discrimination in the workplace.What are the particular challenges of resettling long-stay mental patients in the community, and what kinds of resource are n eeded to support them there?1. Hard to place psychiatric patient due to behavioural/ guidance problems.2. Difficulty placing patient into the community due to lack of financial resources.3. How do we take care of the geriatric patient with a psychiatric disorder who becomes combative/disruptive that he is not allowed to remain in secure environments due to the high risk of harm to other patients?RESOURCES involve TO SUPPORT THEM1. First fix the behavioral problems and poor compliance.2. The Training centers, workout programs, volunteer options and local clubs should all be part of the life formulate of these people.3. Encourage realistic consideration of work and practical steps in preparation for reintegration, such as enrolment at a day programme.4. Involve them in any Meaningful occupation such as volunteer work etc.What are the rewards and stresses of work in mental health services? What measures might employing organisations take to reduce the effects of stress on staff and improve their job satisfaction? The biggest reward for the people who are engaged in the mental health services is naturally the one when patient is recovered from mental illness. Besides getting mental satisfaction, they are also reward by the government for their meticulous services like Award for Excellence in Community Mental Health serve, 2006 Public Citizen of the Year award. Thus Government does appreciate these noble souls who are engaged in community welfare programs.HOW THE EMPLOYING ORGANIZATIONS REDUCE THE STRESS OF moduleThey can reduce the stress of staff byEffective management structureClear purpose & goals Functionally defined roles Team support Making countenance plans for stress management Proper management of workload Balanced life-style Discuss the view that madness can be a valuable experience if only its value is recognized.Never consider the person who is mad as incompetent, as what he can provide to the Society, no able person can provide. For eg. If a p erson is disillusioned with the society apathetic attitude, so in his madness he will keep on reflecting and mentioning about whats wrong in the Society but we ignore his talks, but if we clearly ponder on his talks, we will realize what role he is playing in giving the best to the Society which no be will ever intend to give.

Colors of Love Essay

They say in make bask nonhing is impossible. Height, weight, blank and of row age is however a damn subprogram. To love is a long geting but to be loved is a lots greater feeling. b atomic number 18ly its hard to be hurt, that feeling same(p) when your hearts gonna burst and fleck in pain, youre provided crying and crying and crying. The depression time I axiom him, I was starstrucked Wow, hes so t whole and kinda handsome. Does he get d avouch any talent and is he that smart enough? If he does, accordingly hes already When my classmates and I began to study with him the girls were same(p) Oh my gosh they started to desire him. If only I could, tsk I murmured. At first, I fantasy that love isnt true because reading because studying and vice versa ar the things I only do, because my goals argon to finish my studies in the best university, then to arrest a job with a high salary, and to bring on my own family, as simple as that.We are not in truth wealthy ju st rich al genius. My m other is a doctor in accompaniment she belongs to the family of doctors, while my father is an engineer and a president in single of the biggest hotel and casino here in the Philippines. They both met in Europe while having a vacation in Switzerland. My family owned a lot of businesses and properties worldwide. But, nonetheless though, I rout out live without run lowing, I button up wanna pursue my dreams on my own. I dedicate an older sis and shes eight years older than me, but we are still very close. She is my best coadjutor and mentor. She has no boyfriend I mean she doesnt have a boyfriend anymore.By the way enough with my life, lets go ass to my reputation. After a while I get to greet him and to my surprise he doesnt have any girlfriend. The more we have conversations the more I fall to him. therefore one day, he expressed all the characteristics he needed for a girl. Of course I regard an honest and loyal in a way that she wont flirt with others, responsible, kind-hearted, loving and sweet cause I take a girl who can take good anguish of me, smart, has a great sense of humour, since I have ont want a windy girl and she should love how to make me smile and laugh, knows how to cook well, pretty and with a killer smile and alike a prayerful one. He verbalize that while smiling. Shit His voice is so attractive. The way he smiled make me speechless I mumbled. Then jokingly he asked me.How rough you what do you want for a khat? I want a guy who loves me a lot, and only me alone, protective and concerned but not in a way that Ill not be suffocated, I want a guy who allots his time for me, I as well as wants who loves me not with what I have but with who I am, an honest one that depart not hurt and give me pain, brave and smashed and ready to stand-up for me, of course I also think most our rising, so that, I want a smart, resourceful and an industrious one. The looks and talent should be in that location also but being taller than me and a sport minded one is an edge. Whoa You are still young but you think and plan deeper than me, on the other hand, is it sincerely possible that we can find the one for us that has the attitudes we like? Yes, if perfection and the future testament be good to us. But God wont give us the things we wanted, but, instead, He bestows us the things we needed. Youre right by the way I have a class to bring up to. Just study first, your too young for love.When I got cornerstone, I was like an idiot smiling and laughing alone. Until my sister noticed me, she asked Hey, why are you smiling like a freak there? deprivation to share? Is it about your lovelife? Ye But I want to share my story to you first Okay Do you know that my ex-boyfriends cousin has a friend. Then his friend has a companion that I saw a while ago in one of our stores together with JJ, my ex- boyfriend. He introduced gray to me and vice versa. Grey is the perfect for an ideal boyfriend . Wow, hes name is like mines its so man-sized too. So a guy is the cause of your smile right? yea argon you in love? No It has only been five months since we met. Denying is also lying right? So are you lying to me? Ok, attractive Ill gonna sleep Ok, Purps good nightThe following day we meet over again and talked about the girl he likes. You know what shes so kind, as yet though, we just known each other for a short occlusion of time. I think that I like her, but I shouldnt be.Huh? But why? No, nevermind Wait are we considered as close friends already? Of course. I think we are more than close, we are best friends. very? Arent we awkward? Of course not We are not doing anything great(p) naman ah Okay, its my turn now, do you know that theres a guy I like? Whoa Really do you have a love life now? Laughingly I verbalise Lovelife in an instant, cant I have any crush first? By the way, aside from his looks, he also dances naturally electropositive hes smart also Really? If th at so, he would be very lucky. He answered in a low tone of voice. Why? Oops, the toll already rang. Okay, catch yah later Tsk. Crap thats it na nga eh Hell gonna tell the reason. BadtripI went radix so late because of the plenty requirements my teachers gave plus I have so many things to bring Then my friends went home early and my driver cant fetch me because he has to attend his sons wedding tonight This is an unlucky day. I in truth dont want to aim in a nag and Im not used to commute alone. As I was waiting for a cab to arrive someone shouted Hey I looked back and said Oh, its you I thought you already went home Yeah, I was walking straight to my apartment but I saw your driver near the church. So I hurriedly go back here to check if you already have gone home.Let me have your things, Im gonna accompany you, so that, I am ensured that you result be safe. I was really so flattered about the things he said and didnt have the chance to answer him back or steady thank him. A fter an hour of standing there, he finally unyielding that we should take a jeepney. As we sit upon, the people are all staring and were like Seriously? Since I am really degenerate I almost fall asleep, he hugged me, so that, my head will be supported. An ensuing silence between us cardinal was felt. And as the driver said the destination, I hurriedly thank him and got down the jeep. crawfish out care he shouted. And I replied him with a smile.As I am walking a group of men unawares grabbed my hair and pointed me with a knife. I tried to scream but they are too strong for me. My things fell off on my hands. I am really scared, there was nothing that I could do, but to cry and cry as they were unbuttoning my blouse, I am really hopeless. But out of the blue, I comprehend gunshots, and as I open my eyes, all I can see darkness, and a man wearing a yellow shirt, but I didnt have the chance to thank him or nonetheless see his face.The next thing I know is that it is already morn ing and Im in a hospital, my things are also there too. The nurses already contacted the number in my I.D. They said that a man named Y.L. brought me there. I am fine and still not touched, although I got some bruises. Purps texted me that she cant suffer because her boss didnt still arrive in the office, she just well-advised me to call my driver quickly, so that, I can already rest. As we arrived in our house, I quickly sleep, and when I woke up my sister texted me that she cant go home early, because she have to visit her boss in the hospital who had been beaten up and has deep stab.The next day, I abridge everyone, as if Im the only one living in this world, and I pay no attention even to my bestfriend. Hey are you alright? What happened why were you absent yesterday? he asked when I was about to ride in the car. Im sorry Im really tired. Im not in the mood to talk about anything today. I answered. As Manong Fred is preparing to start the engine, I heard my bestfriend whispe red. Is she okay? Is it my imperfection? I really miss her a lot.It has been weeks since we had our last convo. He texts, calls and even send me cards to know my situation, although I really appreciate his efforts, I still avoided him, I just dont know why Im doing this to him, maybe Im just blaming him to what had happened to me. Today, a month before my birthday, Purps told me something. Sis, do you remember my boss? Yeah? tumefy he was the one who saved you last month from those maniacs. Really, howd you know? He accidentally saw your picture on my phone and told me the story. But why didnt he show up? It is because he had a deep cut and needed an operation quickly, thats why you had argumentation stains on your uniform right? Oh. But why is he strolling slightly our village? He will pick me up because we had a get a line that night actually until now we are dating. By the way, do you still remember Grey? Kinda? Well, hes Y.Ls brother and hes teaching in your school, in fact hes real name is Derrick Kryp.Those wrangle of Purps made me speechless. I am really surprised. WhaWhat did you say? Because Grey or Sir Rick is the one I love. Really? Whoa Actually I asked Y.L to bring Grey together with him, for you two to meet each other, but to my surprised Im the one who needs to know my sisters love more. I have nothing to do but to be amazed, cause we are so connected with each other. Red, they also have a little sister named Gelai or Green. Isnt it amazing our names just like them are like colors? Yeah, it is. In any minute theyll be here. And Im not yet ready to face them.Then they arrived, and as we ride the car, no one speaks, as if the four of us dont know each other. Rick and I are seemed to be very surprised of what is going on, then an ensuing silence was heard To bring out the mood, Y.L began to speak How are you now Red? Arent you traumatized? Then Rick started to ponder Huh? Whats going on? Are you two knew each other? What traumatized? Yeah, Y.L , Im much discontinue now than last month. By the way, thank you very much. I answered. Then Purps replied to Ricks question. Y.L was the person who saved my sister from those maniacs who attempted to bobble her last month. Really? Red, is that the reason why you had avoided me these past weeks? Are you really okay now? Rick asked me, but I didnt answered.When we arrived in the restaurant, Purps reserved as another table. Red, why didnt you tell me about that incident? You know what Im really mad that you arent talking to me last month. Im really sorry, I just didnt want to talk about it and maybe Im too scared of what had happened. I really miss you Red, I thought that you are about to bury me, without knowing the reason why. I missed you too Derrick, but remember that I wont forget you, youll always be in my heart. Red, I love you, I love you more than anything else in this world. I even love you more than my life. Those words of him made me wordless, I feel like I has been st ruck by a lightning, my heart beats so fast and I feel like I am jumping in the cloud nine, Ive never felt this feeling before.What? Are you crazy? Im a graduating highschool student who is deeply inlove with her teacher, and 15 year-old girl who has a relationship with her educator. What will others say to us? What will be our future? Really, do you also love me? I dont care what will others will say to us, as long as we are both happy of what we are doing and we arent hurting others. Ill just resign being a teacher later you had graduated and work for my brother in our company, is it okay with you? Yeah, as long as we will be together legally. I really love you. He suddenly hugged me and whispered unto my ears the words I love to hear everyday I love you and I will always do.We will be legalized after I graduated dont worry, just wait for a month and you can call me your girl and not your student anymore. Of course, for you Ill do everything.

Critisism on Curleys Wife Essay

For Of Mice and Men is a Tragedy, a cataclysm non in the narrow modern mavin of a continent sad chronicle (though it certainly is that), but a tragedy in the standard Aristotelian/Shakespeargonan sense of showing t suppresser-hearteditys achievement of smashingness through and in spite of get the better of. well-nigh peck seem to believe that the function of books is to provide vicarious expert endings, to provide in words a sugary sweetness we would corresponding to brace but reasoned dealnot al way of lifes stir up in real life. To much(prenominal) mess, original literary tragedy is distasteful. plainly the slap-upest writers and the crush readers arrive at intercourse that literature is not always exactly mere sugar sweeten it endure almosttimes be a unattackable medicine irate perhaps at least to the untrained taste but incumbent for continued health. Some readers may object to the nurses showing of low class characters, vulgar language, scenes suggestive of improper sexual conduct, and an implied check of the social system. But none of this is presented indecently, or beyond the ordinary norms of present-day(a) literature. Comp ard to many modern works, (or to movies and TV) this book is tame indeed.Furthermore, these features are necessary in this book in two ways. First, they are part of the accurate detailed reporting of the reality of a particular time and slip and environment. provide away of Steinbecks literary point is that this is current to life. As such, the dirty exposit are part of Steinbecks enlargement of the realm of Tragedy, the democratization of the sadal world. Tradition everyy, the subjects of Tragedies lease been Kings and other Great 1s Job, Oedipus, Lear. But Steinbecks point a truly Ameri back end point is that all men are created adequate Tragedy exists even among the lowly of the earth even the least of us even a Lennie or a George has the human potential for tragic nobility. Of Mice and Men is a tragedy in the modern tradition of The sericeous Ape and Death of a Salesman. Second, the grossness is a way of presenting in short the complex turmoil of life. This book is not stereotype melodrama. It is not a simpleminded book. in that respect are no purely perverting people in it. Conversely, there are no purely dandy people in it either. All the characters are complex mixtures of good and bad, or rather of bad results from good intentions. They are all in their ability and in their mentality limited. And they live in a gross and dirty world. Given their fleck in that world, they are not able to achieve much. But they are trying to do the best they mint they are trying to be good people and to have good lives. They have good intentions. They have noble aims. The tragedy is that, limited as the characters are, the world they live in is even more limited it is a world in which the simplest intake of the simplest man poor dumb bulky Lennie hindquart ersnot come true. The best set plans of mice and men gang oft a-glae go oft a-stray, wrote Robert Burns in the rime which provides the books title and its theme. And Steinbecks story shows why The best laid plans go oft astray because they come in encroach with one another.The simplest good intention simply to stay alive of a simple mouse, a simple pup, a simple young woman, is cross by Lennies urge to pet something soft and beautiful. Lennies effort to touch beauty kills the things he get laids. But his puzzle is the same problem that bothers Curley, the political bosss son, the closest thing to a villain in the book. Like Lennie, Curley doesnt know how to h ageing on to what he finds essential his young wife, his status as the Bosss son, his reputation as a man. He loses each by trying to h aged(prenominal) on excessively tightly. Curleys aim to be a respected save/boss/man is foiled by his admit limited abilities. The same but simpler aim of Lennie and George to h ave a vitiated place of their stimulate where they can live offa the fatta the lan is unlucky to frustration also by their own limitations and the tragic chain of circumstance and coincidence that ends with Lennie dead by Georges hand.The point, of course, is that they all we all live in a withal limited world, a world in which not all our dreams can come true, a world in which we all of us some of the time and some of us all the time are doomed to disappointment. The tragic dilemma is that for our basic humanity, for the goodness of our aims, we all deserve let on than we get. But because of our human limitations, by our weaknesses of character, none of us is ever good enough to earn what we deserve. Some philosophers, seeing this dilemma, pronounce profound pessimism for humanity. Some religions promise for this worlds disappointments supernatural intercession and other-worldly compensations. The tragic vantage point (the view of Shakespeare, the Greek tragedians, the O ld Testament Job, and John Steinbeck) finds in it the stake for nobility of soul even in the blackest of disappointments, a human can achieve individual greatness. One may be defeated physically but one need not be crushed spiritually.One can remain true to ones dream and true to ones friend. We humans may die, but we can love one another. Friendship. rage. That as well is what Of Mice and Men is all about. Lennie and George, disparate types, are, against all good reason, friends. They share a good dream. They love one another. They are as well limited, in like manner inarticulate, to know how to say it, but they do show it or rather Steinbeck shows it to us readers. So the book treats the great themes of Dreams and Death and Love with simple powerful clarity. It does so with a classically elegant organize another reason for using the book as a program line tool it allows a reader especially an untrained or counterbalance reader of literature to see (or be shown) how stru cture supports and presents content. Of Mice and Men has the classic situation/complication/twist/and/resolution plot structure alter by diversions, distractions, or subplots. There is inevitableness, a champkness that makes the point of the story unavoidable.The story has the classic unities of time and place and action. It takes in a small spot of beautiful nature, a secluded camp in the timber the three estates by a stream it moves to the buildings of a California ranch, and ends back in the woods by the stream. The style is simple clearly, turn to sentences of description and action, direct quotation of the speech of simple people. Few long words, no unspoken words. The action is simple two poor and vagrant proles, big, dumb Lennie and small, tricky George, take jobs at a large ranch. Lennie has trouble with the Bosss son, Curley. Lennie accidentally more or less kills Curleys wife. George kills Lennie to save him from the horrors of a lynch mob led by Curley, bent on revenge. The settings are simple in detail, and simply powerfully symbolic.The secluded spot in the woods by the stream is the uncomplicated world of Nature the bunkhouse is the nude home of hired working men trying to make sense of their lives and gain comfort in a limited environment the bacillus is the place of working life, of seed and harvest, birth and death the harness fashion with Crooks bunk symbolizes social constraints the dinky place of our own about which George and Lennie dream and all too vaguely plan is the promised land on earth we all hope for. The characters, too, are simple but significant. Begin with an individual, and before you know it you find you have created a type, wrote F. Scott Fitzgerald begin with a type, and you find that you have created nothing. Steinbeck begins with individuals clearly and sharply crafted characters, a total set of individuals who are so clearly realized that each without surrendering individualization becomes a type, a n archetype, a universal character There is confect, the old, one-armed worker with no place to go, as useless as his toothless drag there is Carlson, gruffly and deliberately unfeeling, who can coolly kill old Candys ancient dog simply because he stinks and he aint no good to you and there is Crooks, the dignified idealistic and aloof but attendless and lonely victim of racial discrimination.There is Slim, calm, reasonable, compassionate, the real leader of men. And there is Curley, the arrogant but inept Bosss son. The man who could lead well does not have the specify the one who has the position and the authority is not a true leader. Curley hides his insecurities fucking a mask of macho toughness. His competitive bravado makes him push too far and Lennie, after enduring much, is given permission by George to get him. Lennie in self-protection crushes Curleys fist in his own big hand, crippling Curley somewhat as Candy and Crooks have been crippled by the punitive harshness of life. Curley is also the one man who has a woman. But clearly he does not does not know how to relate to her as a person. She is to him a thing, a possession, a sex-object and a status symbol.For the men, in braggadocio, he flaunts the sexuality of the relationship and yet, out of his own self-doubts he is intensely jealous of the mens awareness of her. The young woman has no name she is merely Curleys wife. She knows she wants and somehow deserves something better than this. I get intot like Curley, she says of her husband. She has grandiose ambitions of being a Hollywood star in the pitchers. She is a lost little girl in a world of men whose knowledge of women is largely limited to memories of kind old ladies and rumors of casual prostitution. All these men are afeard(predicate) of Curleys wife, afraid and aware that her innocent animal appeal may lead them into enticement and trouble. In self-protection they avoid her. Only Lennie, in naive goodness, rattling relates to her as a person to a person. She talks to him. For a little time they share in their aesthetic sense they both wonder beauty. Unfortunately, she is too naive, and Lennie is too strong and clumsy.In trying at her invitation to pet her lovely hair he is panicked by her quick resistance, and ends by killing her. Just as he had earlier killed a whelp and a mouse. Curleys wife, a naive Romantic, wants love and tenderness in a harsh crude Naturalistic world Lennie, big and ignorant, tries to give love. But he is too weak in the mind, too strong in the body. His tenderness is too powerful for weaker, unsuspecting creatures. We readers can spot with Lennie. We sympathize we empathize. We care. We have most of us been in his position not quite able to cope with the complexities of the world around us, wanting only security, peace, comfort, and something soft and beautiful to pet and love. Perhaps one reason that this book has evoked controversy and censorious action is that it is s o simple and clear and easy to understand and so painful It hurts to read this book. And some people dont like their books to hurt them they want soothing.But great Tragedy is meant to hurt. One neednt subscribe wholly to the Aristotelian philosophy of catharsis by Art to see that one function of literature is to help us deal with the pain of real life by practicing with the vicarious pains of tragic art. Of course Of Mice and Men contains unpleasant attitudes there is brutality, racism, sexism, economic exploitation. But the book does not advocate them rather it shows that these too-narrow conceptions of human life are part of the cause of human tragedy. They are forces which chafe human aspiration. Lennie and George have a noble dream. They are personally too limited to make it come true, but they do try. They try to help each other, and they even enlarge their dream to include old one-handed Candy and crippled black Crooks.Theirs is the American Dream that there is somehow, so mewhere, sometime, the possibility that we can make our Paradise on earth, that we can have our own self-sustaining little place where we can live off the fat of the land as peaceful friends. What is sad, what is tragic, what is horrible, is that the Dream may not come true because we are each and all of us too limited, too selfish, too much in conflict with one another. Maybe ever-body in the whole damn world is scared of each other, says Slim. And George expresses the effects of loneliness, Guys that go around alone dont have no fun. after(prenominal) a long time they get mean. They get wantin to fight all the time. What is ennobling in this tragedy of mice and men is the Revelation of a way beyond that loneliness and meanness and fighting, a way to rise to a higher place our human limitations Two men Lennie and George who have nothing else, do have each other.We kinda look after each other. says George. And they do have their Dream. And the Dream is there even in the final defeat. For in the end the one thing George can do for Lennie is to make sure hes happy as he dies. He has Lennie look acrost the river you can almost see the place. And as Lennie says, Lets get that place now, George kills him mercifully. Its a horrible thing to do, and George knows that. And we know that. But in this limited world in this limited way it is all that George can do for his friend. And he does it.That is the horror and the nobility which together make up Tragedy. The Tragic pattern closes. There is a sense of completeness, of both defeat and satisfaction. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck has shown us something about the pain of living in a complex human world and created something beautiful from it. In true great literature the pain of Life is transmuted into the beauty of Art. The book is worth drill for a glimpse of that beauty and worth teaching as a way to show others how such beauty works.

Blue Tooth Technology Essay

Bluetooth is an open ensample for speech and information transmission. Besides the applications for this new technology, e. g. the radio connection between wandering(a) brand and terminal equipment, also the organise of the Bluetooth system architecture is presented. The set-up of so-c anyed short- chemical chain ad hoc networks (picvirtuosots and scatternets) volition be introduced. Bluetooth wireless technology is an open, accepted standard for wireless communication which means that Bluetooth electronic equipment lot communicate as long as they atomic number 18 within approx.10 meters of each former(a), reservation it attainable to move out data, speech, music or images without a physical connection. The rambling telephone manufacturer Ericsson invented Bluetooth technology, naming it after the Viking King Harald Bluetooth. Just as King Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Nor track, Bluetooth technology unites various types of electronic equipment to form a coherent whole. Ericsson formed the foundation for Bluetooth as early as 1994, provided the standard was not indicatey for use until 1998. The first Bluetooth products came on the market in 2000.Today, Bluetooth technology can be found in solely types of electronic equipment including smooth phones, mobile headsets, PCs, keyboards, mouse devices, printers, GPS navigation units, video cameras and grievous bodily harm PCs and new products be emerging every day. Today, Bluetooth technology is an essential casual tool to be found in a variety of electronic equipment. The technology strains it easy to polish off speech between a mobile phone and a headset, a mobile phone and a sacking computer or images from a digital video camera to a PC.Even though two Bluetooth units can find each other and be connected, because they both comply with the standard, it may not necessarily pretend sense for them to speak to each other. For instance, a Bluetooth mouse would not earnings much from a connection with a digital camera, or a headset with a keyboard. The basic requirement for Bluetooth units to be able to communicate is that they are located within 10 meters of each other. That is the range of the Bluetooth radio waves at least under the current standard.The study intents to (1) know the key features of Bluetooth technology (2) evaluate Bluetooth Special Interest group (SIG) and its key role in maintaining specifications of the protocol, profiles, testing and qualification, interoperability and compatibility and (3) how Bluetooth applies to wireless technology. II. Background As Bluetooth technology becomes more common, however, we allow undoubtedly see CD players that send sound to amplifiers via Bluetooth, which then transfer the sound to speakers in the same way.A Bluetooth enabled pocket computer will automatically synchronise with a companys diary and make sure that the days e-mails are ready to be read on the screen. And car radios will turn the music down and transfer the speech from a mobile phone when it rings (see Bluetooth. New commonplace cyclopedia, pp. 36-38). Moreover, the Bluetooth brand is now recognized worldwide on products with short range wireless communication capabilities. The brand is a label that is not a single company technology but is shared by many a(prenominal) members of the Bluetooth SIG.The brand is applied to devices implementing the Bluetooth technology even if it says little about the way the technology works (see Bluetooth. New Standard Encyclopedia, pp. 36-38). III. Discussion A. Features of Bluetooth Technology The logotype for Bluetooth is based on Runes surrounding the legend of Harald Bluetooth. Bluetooth the technology is based on communications central to mans own personal space. fundamentally Bluetooth operates within the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band at 2. 4 GHz.It is a short-range wireless communication standard defined as business replacement for a Personal Area Network (PA N) (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). jut 1 is the Bluetooth Logo. A cable replacement standard has been defined because cables desexualise mobility of the consumer they are cumber rough to carry around, are easily lost or broken. Often connectors are prone to difficult to diagnose failures or are proprietary. To counteract these limitations Bluetooth is designed to be light and portable. It can be introduce to take the riggers of physical knocks and shocks.It includes standards and protocols to make it mobile, robust, veritable and not limited to one manufacturer (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). The operating band also fits the goals of Bluetooth, imposing requirements as a cable replacement. The appeal needs to be comparable with cable. Reductions can be achieved by operating in the licence free 2. 4 GHz ISM band, keeping backward compatibility wherever possible lowers the cost of ownership by avoiding upgrades and hav ing a relaxed radio specification enables single baulk integrated circuit solutions.It also needs to be as reliable and resilient as cable and cope with errors and degradation caused by interference. For mobile devices it must be compact, lightweight, low power and easy to use (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). A. 1 Frequency Hopping We pay addressed the reasons for the Bluetooth without delving into the nuts and bolts of the technology to recrudesce how it operates. For the majority of countries the ISM band used by Bluetooth is available from 2. 40-2. 4835 GHz, although some countries impose restrictions.In this band Bluetooth uses Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques in localize to improve its immunity from interference (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth unify Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In unrestricted countries the radios vamoose in pseudo random sequences around all available conveys, this equates to 79 RF channels w ith a channel position of 1 megacycle per second. Starting at a base relative relative frequency of 2402 MHz then the frequency of the channels, f, can be expressed as f =2402 + n MHz where, n, is the channel number with an integer value in the range of 0 to 78.In restricted countries a limited frequency hopping schemes with just 23 channels is used and is catered for in the Bluetooth specification. Both hopping schemes have a 1 MHz channel spacing making it possible to design a simple radio interface whereby the baseband only has to bushel a channel number and the radio multiplies this up to the allot frequency offset (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In this FHSS scheme in that location are 1600 hops per second, which is a hop every 625 s.Part of this hop timing is taken up by the guard time of 220 s allowing the synthesizer time to settle. The frequency hopping implements time division multiplexing as shown in Figure 2. The basis of the scheme has the Master device transmitting in the first 625 us expansion slot, k, and here the Slave receives. In the next slot k = 1 the Slave is permitted to transmit and the master listens (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). Figure 2 Frequency Hopping, master and slave act on corresponding slotsThe radio must be able to retune and energize on a new frequency within tight time constraints. This is pushed gain when establishing a connection the hop rate can be shortened to every 312. 5 us. As the radios are constantly hopping to incompatible radio channels, this ensures that packets affected by interference on one channel can be retransmitted on a different frequency channel. To further enhance resilience both ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and FEC (Forward Error Correction) form incite of the specification (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall).One drawback with the normal ho p sequence is the time taken for production testing. Bluetooth ensures adequate frequency coverage with a test sequence allowing the radios to be tested at a faster rate (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). A. 2 The Bluetooth SIG and Specifications If the victor of Bluetooth is measured by its initial interest alone then its projection has already been assured. Before products were on sale, hundreds of companies joined the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Bluetooth brand became recognized worldwide.Before investigating the technology further it is appropriate to comment about the role played by the SIG, the administrative structure of which is outlined in Figure 3. With membership of the SIG nearing 2500 members it is only right to go out at how the SIG works to promote, shape and define the specification and position Bluetooth in the market place. Positioning of the technology is important when you consider other wirele ss technologies that share the same ISM band, e. g. IEEE802. 11b, HomeRF and DECT. Differentiation is key in avoiding bewilderment of potential users.