HIV Vaccine Clinical Trials: The Standard of Care Debate Essay

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus infecting to the highest degree 35.3 million people worldwide that leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 selectively infects certain drove tolerant cells, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, resulting in the continual depletion of the host immune system (Global Report, 2013). More specific aloney, HIV-1 prevalence is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and new(prenominal) developing countries worldwide. In recent years, there has been much effort devoted to developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The vaccine clinical trials are typically held in these developing countries where HIV-1 prevalence is highest. The dilemma that continues to plague vaccine trials in developing countries pertains to the trite of cover that should be provided to the participants who inevitably become septic with HIV-1 during the trial (Bloom, 1998). This standard of ca re debate revolved around topics much(prenominal) as what type of treatment should be provided to the participants, how long should the treatment continue, allow for treatment continue after the trial has concluded, who has the obligation to ensure the standard of care protocols are enforced, what are the repercussions in failing to do so, and most importantly, who is paying for all of this (Berkley, 2003). The Declaration of Helsinki clearly endorses the view that all trial participants are entitled to the worldwide best standard of care ( lie down et al, 2004). Unfortunately, efforts to devise an accepted standard of care have continued without winner since the 1990s (Berkley, 2003). The root of the problem revolves around the expenses associated with treatment. This is an especially difficult ... ...7.Lie RK, Emanuel E, Grady C, Wendler D. (2004). The standard of care debate the Declaration of Helsinki versus the international consensus opinion. J Med Ethics 30 190-3.8.Mac klin R. (2008). Standard of care an evolution in ethical thinking. The Lancet 372(9635) 284-5.9.Scott BR, Tsevat J. (2006). Is antiretroviral therapy cost-effective in South American? PLoS Medicine 3(1) 14.10.Shapiro K, Benatar elder (2005). HIV prevention research and global inequality steps towards better standards of care. Journal of Medical Ethics 31 39.11.Specter, M. (2003). The vaccine. The New Yorker 78(45) 56.12.The Kaiser Family Foundation. Health using up per capita (PPP $US). 2002. 2007.13.UNAIDS/WHO, 2007 WHO/UNAIDS. Ethical considerations in biomedical HIV prevention trials guidance document. geneva Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.