Read the column by Eugene Robinson about the Trayvon Martin shooting Essay

Read the column by Eugene Robinson about the Trayvon Martin shooting. Summarize the main point he is trying to make, and discuss how he uses history to make his point - Essay Example He uses  history  to  determine  that racism is not a new phenomenon but an  act  that has been in  occurrence  since prehistorical times. The  black  men have always had a  mark  on them against all evils and have had to tread carefully wherever and whenever they went. Historically racism directed to all non  white  populations, but currently even other non white races discriminate against the black. For instance, the discrimination of Zimmerman, who is Hispanic, against a black  Trayvon. Through history, he  further  criticizes and mocks the legal and social practices within the societies today. Racism in the past, such as the killing of Till at 14 in Mississippi for flirting with a white woman, was an  evil  act  even though it had mutual  recognition  and practice among all races. In present society, there are laws against racism, and that seems to be accepted within society which make it even more troubling that such acts still  occur  today such as the killing of  Trayvon  martin for walking the â€Å"wrong place and  time†. Even with a black family in the white house and all seaming well, such acts still  occur  in society and the law  still  finds loopholes to defend their

Singapore education system Essay Example for Free

Singapore education system Essay Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would like to know the views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytechnics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications. Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would ask the Prime Minister for his views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytechnics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications. Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would ask the Prime Minister for his views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytechnics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications. Singapore’s education system is one of the top among the world. I am glad to grow up in such system whereby we are trained since young to try and achieve  the best of both worlds balancing academic and non-academic achievements like CCAs. I would ask the Prime Minister for his views on looking into various â€Å"loopholes† in the education systems. Ministry of Education (MOE) is offering new paths for students, who did well for their GCE ‘N’ Level, to further their studies at Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or even local Polytech nics without taking the GCE ‘O’ Level, yet at the same time do not have any plans to further support these students such that most of them could not enter the local universities due to lack of qualifications.

Sexual Frustration in Alfred Hitchcocks Rope Essay -- Rope Film Analys

On May 21, 1924, two highly intelligent university scholars from Chicago, Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, executed their highly-calculated plan for the cold-blooded murder of a distant relative of Loebπs, 14-year old Bobby Franks. As students of Nietzscheπs philosophy, Loeb and Leopold had set out to commit the ≥perfect murder≤ in order to actualize the belief that they were of an elite group, superior to the common man, to whom the standard moral code did not apply. So infamous is the story of their murder and eventual detainment that it has become entrenched in American popular culture, with numerous books and films aspiring to recreate it in vivid detail. Amongst these, Alfred Hitchcockπs Rope (1948) stands out as an exemplary achievement both in its cinematic technique as well as its carefully executed plot, which exposes the psychological decomposition of the two murderers as their deed is gradually discovered. However, the aspect of the r eal case that is not explicitly addressed in the film as a result of the censorship codes at the time, but one of the primary reasons that Hitchcock was initially attracted to the project, is the homosexuality of the two young men, a factor which becomes pivotal to a Freudian interpretation of the film. It is the shifting and complicated dynamic between their aggression and, more fundamentally, their frustrated homosexual desires which explains the depravity of their actions. Strewn throughout Rope are many indications that underlying the ostensible story of a murder are unfulfilled homosexual desires of such an intensity that the dialogue and actions of Brandon and Phillip, the names of the two murderers in the film, unintentionally ... ...oing so without danger. If the loss is not compensated for economically, one can be certain that serious disorders will ensue≤ (742). Because society prevented them from gratifying their erotic instincts, the boys had to find other means of maintaining their psychic equilibrium, which, in their case, brought with it only deadly results. References: Freud, Sigmund. "Civilizations and Its Discontents." The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989. Linder, Douglas O. ≥The Leopold and Loeb Trial: A Brief Account.≤ Famous American Trials. 1997. November 2, 2004. Rope. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perfs. James Stewart, Rupert Cadell, John Dall. Videocassette. Warner Brothers & Transatlantic Pictures, 1948.

Illustrative Essay

In society today we look at magazines and movies and strive to be just like the people we see. The guys in these magazines have six packs and arms with muscles the size of Mt. Everest. And the girls are all size double zeros with no meat anywhere on their bodies. A lot of Americans work out and diet to accomplish the goal of having these body types, but some go to drastic measures to get it. Many eating disorders and their side effects are taking over the lives of Americans every day. Anorexia Nervosa is the number one eating disorder in America. One in every one hundred woman suffers from this disorder.Anorexia is where you deprive your body from any food. This can create many problems with the body. In the beginning, minor problems can occur like fatigue, dizzy spells, and weakness. But later on, you can do so much as to give yourself certain heart diseases and some women even lose their menstrual cycles. Anorexia has controlled the lives of many celebrities like Karen Carpenter (w ho actually died from it), Mary Kate Olsen, and Tara Reid. Another eating disorder wide spread through the United States in Bulimia. Three in every one hundred woman suffer or have suffered from Bulimia.This disorder is where you still eat, but you cause yourself to vomit. Statistics show that many women will turn to this disease because it is â€Å"less threatening† than anorexia. Bulimia can cause slight abdominal pain and bloating. Long term side effects of this disorder can be broken blood vessels in your eyes, rotting of your teeth, and even some types of colon and throat cancers. The last eating disorder that is an issue in the USA is obesity. Many people don’t think obesity is an eating disorder, but in fact it is. Everyone’s standard of obesity is obviously ifferent, but on a national scale PBS says that seventy three percent of Americans are overweight or obese. Obesity can cause diabetes, strokes, heart attacks, and high blood pressure which are all li fe threatening problems. In conclusion, many eating problems are taking over America. There are healthier ways to get the body image you want. Don’t put your body at risk just to be what society wants you to be. You should be healthy, but you should become healthy, in a healthy manner. If you or anyone you know is struggling from an eating disorder, you should seek help as soon as possible.

Are we obsessed with Celebrities in today(TM)s society?

â€Å"Dot, have you seen Stacey around?† Eastenders â€Å"I'm really enjoying it here in LA, but England will always be the best† David Beckham â€Å"I've kissed a lot of frogs, on my holidays† Sarah Harding (Girls Aloud) What is there left to watch? Celebrities? Haven't we got our own personal lives? Celebrities on the telly, in magazines, on the internet, even in schools girls, gossiping about â€Å"hot† celebs or their dress sense. They're even writing biographies and a large number of us go ahead and buy these biographies, because we're so interested in other people's lives. When out shopping, where ever you look there are posters of celebrities advertising objects of daily use. Aren't we too obsessed with celebrities in today's society? Six people, out of a family of eight, living in High Wycombe would prefer to watch a programme on Tom Cruises love life rather than read a book, about â€Å"How technology has improved through time?† Since the, 20th century majority of the worlds people would rather be famous than educated and endeavour to do something for the world. Despite there are talented celebrities which with no doubt help the world. For example, in 2004 a number of Israel's top celebrities women, gave a hand in helping out a foundation for Osteoporosis disease, yet aswell as this, donated a large amount of money, to these patients for their future lives. These Israeli women are much worthier of celebrity's status, than the usual that we worship. So, there are celebrities with talents, also which have been used as role models with qualities such as: being extremely helpful towards people and nature; educating people; having modesty even after being successful; and most of all respecting people who are a lower society than them. Paparazzi, from an Italian dialect word for a particularly noisy, buzzing, irritating mosquito. Paparazzo's are following celebrities everywhere, by contrast intruding into their personal lives. They want to find out what they eat? How they dress? Where they got their new haircut from? How many times in a week they have bath? Unfortunately, they even find this matter fascinating. Why should they be treated like this? It is like a juicy orange on floor, which is densely crowed by hundreds of ants who are trying to rapidly, trying to eat the orange in pleasure. Also, there is snapaparazzi, who is a journalist or passer-by, who witnesses an event and captures it on a video or digital picture using his or her mobile. Their whole life is captured on one photo like a letter, which could invite them to ruin their lives; on the other hand this gives people a source of entertainment and enjoyment. However, entertainment is designed to give pleasure and enjoyment to an audience, entertainment such as: concerts; radio; operas; films; new media; novels; theatre; sports. Entertainment is a part of life, which most of us extremely enjoy as they include celebrities. Without these aspects we would actually find ourselves purely bored, when we're not occupied to something. It is only when the obsession gets out of hand! Celebrity Worship Syndrome is a newly identified psychological condition. A typical sufferer is a person who is obsessed with a person in the public eye. This condition is sometimes referred to â€Å"Celebrity Obsession Syndrome† or â€Å"Mad icon disease† .In 2002, it was shockingly gathered that there are 781 males and 942 females who suffer from this disease in UK .These people watch all appearances of this celebrity and even start to religiously worship them. They buy things which this celebrity has touched, a piece of clothing they have worn, even if it costs a fortune. A number a people, buy things to copy celebrities because they think it looks fashionable or to attract various people in their society. For example, a number of girls would want to buy a Chloe handbag just, because Victoria Beckham has it even if it would cost them any thing. Various people have been bankrupted, not knowing that they have spent so much on things that would not come in their, use rather than spending on something which is useful. Being bankrupted, means some companies do not allow you to take a loan from them or work for them, these serious consequences could ruin their lives. Isn't this extreme? Turning on the TV, various programs like cribs, which invite people to see homes of celebrities, their garden to their garages, and their fridges to their wardrobes, are, shown on TV. Does it bother them? On the other hand, you open a magazine like ‘The Heat' which criticizes celebs and abuses their personal lives. Despite this fact, 75% teenagers enjoy reading magazines although being in the position of being criticized and abused on TV and magazines, they would find it highly offensive and would take some sort of action towards it. But their still is a variety of serious programmes and channels on the television, for example history channel or science ,channels which give people good knowledge and help the, towards the future. Also, educational and serious magazines can be found, which further our knowledge in a range of subjects. It is our decision to choose the decent magazines or TV programmes so we can't not blame celebrities on this aspect. Not only the younger society, but the older society, also suppose celebrities as perfect, the way they live, their hairstyles, their skin we don't assume but celebrities themselves, have many difficulties to doubt with, socially and personally. We think, when we see these people on TV, they must have such any easy life. They have magnificent houses, they get whatever they want whenever they want. As no one can ever be perfect you have to just enjoy your life, the way you want it, in any circumstances. Although, celebrities are harmless, it's just that, we people who are not famous overreact about things. We conduct things, which later on turns out to be a bit over the top, actually not realising it. In conclusion, people are obsessed with celebrities in today's society. It's mainly, not the celebrities fault they are just trying to give us a bit of entertainment and we take it out of hand ourselves. As a fact then, we are obsessed with celebrities; everything just needs to stay in the limits.

The Reign Of Terror

The Reign Of Terror Throughout time, people have always been able to survive by using the things around them in innovative ways. Their cultures have also greatly influenced them. Whatever was happening at the time, they had to react and adapt their lifestyles. These changes almost always led to new inventions such as the guillotine. The guillotine was first introduced into France during the French Revolution on April 25, 1792. The first execution was that of a highwayman. The guillotine was also used in Scotland, England, and many other European countries. During the French Revolution, there were many important events that led up to the Reign of Terror, during which people were looking for a more efficient means of execution.The revolution in France happened for many reasons. First, France was in a financial crisis; it was on the verge of becoming bankrupt. The country went into debt after helping to finance the Seven Years' War and the Revolutionary War in America.The Wanderer is set during the Reign o f Terror, ex...Second, the people of the middle and lower classes were very unhappy. Third, people were beginning to have new ideas concerning the way the government functioned. King Louis XVI wanted to collect new taxes to pay for France's debts. So, he called his Estates-General to support him in his desire. Of course, the noblemen and clergymen approved, since they were not held responsible to pay the tax. The commoners did have to pay the tax, and they were always outvoted due to the fact that each estate only received a single vote.Angrily, the third estate demanded more votes. After all, they had more members than the first two estates combined. The third estate wanted all three estates to merge into one national assembly. In this new government, each representative would receive a vote. By June of 1789, the commoners had declared...

Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Example

Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Example Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Gay Marriage vs. the Bible Essay Essay Topic: The Bible The article is called Our Mutual Joy in Newsweek magazine. The article is about gay marriage in our society vs. what the bible has to say about it. The argument that the bible never directly says gay marriage should be outlawed but it does say that marriage should be between a man and a woman. What the argument was is that the bible has since been since revised to modern belief and practices where some things have been changed like sacrifices and haircuts devoted to god. Time has changed and so should the laws governing marriage. The scripture has been broken down by different people and put up against their views, one man named Neil Elliot says that when Paul states that male sex is perverted and should not be, what he was really talking about was the Romans in his time that where doing all bad things not just gay sex. Times have changed and thing like slavery is barbaric and unjust, likewise new marriage laws should be put in place to be congruent with the new age life style. Some said that in the bible the story of King David and his friend Jonathon prove that gay relations are not banned in the bible, and the conservatives then said that story was about a platonic relationship between two men. The author feels like what really matters in life is a stable home, friends, family and what happens in a bedroom really doesn’t matter in the big picture. I think that this idea of same sex marriage is viewed differently between religious and political people. : With the religious person they see it as a threat to their life style and something that may wrongly influence their later generations and will also break traditions, whereas political people wouldn’t have a problem with same sex marriage since its all money and taxes anyways. The political view might say that what happens between two people is their own business and no one else has the right to interfere. Really though I feel the religious just feel threatened that there is â€Å"unclean’ people walking among them, because really, if they are religious and care about others and don’t push their views on others then why should they care, it seems more like a paranoia or superstition. I would rather have a world with people free to be themselves, you can’t control what someone else does and I don’t think it’s even right to try. So for me this article is interesting in the fact that the religious extremists care too much about everyone else that they feel like they need to set laws in place to control them. Again I feel like the religous are just threatened and feel like they’re ways are becoming out of date so to speak. I did feel like the author was a little bias on the side of freedom of choice or the gays. In the closing statement he said what others do in the privacy of their own home is their own business. He also states that Jesus wouldn’t want someone to be lonely and sad; I agree and feel people are hurting more than helping by trying to ban gay marriage. This might sway an unknowing reader in the way of gay marriage and if they are religious, may have them questioning their own beliefs and what they actually stand for, not to mention who they are hurting. In conclusion I think this article may help contemporize religion because there are a lot of beliefs that may hurt others that don’t even need to be. Gay rights for one, as well as the idea of marriage all together and the fact that a man and woman must stay together and divorce is seen as unholy, so would god want men and women in awful relationships are unhappy just to please this request. We live in a age now where ones opinions and decisions are solely based on what that person desires from life, to limit people to who they can love and whether it be legal or not is not the decision of anyone else but that person themselves.

How to Get a Job in Another State

How to Get a Job in Another State Maybe your partner or your spouse is being transferred. Maybe you’re just graduating from a far-off college and want to live and work closer to home. Or maybe you just need a change of scenery. For most people, the most stressful and important part about moving is finding employment in a new city. Unless you work remotely, this can be tricky. Here are 6 ways you can make potential employers confident in hiring you as an out-of-state applicant.1. Ditch your home address.At best, your home address is irrelevant to your qualifications for the job. At worst, it could turn off hiring managers who don’t want to pay relocation expenses, or aren’t sure about your commitment or ability to move and start in a timely fashion.If you absolutely need a home address, you can get yourself a local mailbox that will forward to you through Mailboxes, Etc. If your phone number is holding you back, you can get a Google phone number with the area code of your target state.2. Do your r esearch.The more you know about the place you want to go the better. What are the major industries? What does the job market look like? Figure out through the Chambers of Commerce and the state or city’s Office of Economic Development which jobs are hot and therefore easier to land. If you don’t know where exactly you want to move, research instead what states and cities are best for the field you want to work in. Finally, see if it feels like a place where you would really want to live.Check out the following:Top 5 Jobs in the WestTop 5 Jobs in the NortheastTop 5 Jobs in the SouthwestTop 5 Jobs in the MidwestTop 5 Jobs in the Southeast3. Grow your network.Tap into your existing network to mine for contacts who might be able to help you get your foot in the door somewhere else- particularly your alumni network. Ask for email introductions to local companies or contacts. Visit if you can. No matter what, start building your own network there through social media sites a nd LinkedIn. Join a local meet-up or LinkedIn group for updates.4. Take care of your own moving logistics.To avoid missing out on opportunities with companies that don’t want to pay to help you move, there are ways to let them know you’re willing to handle the move logistics and expenses yourself. A line in your cover letter addressing the issue works. You could always make it clear that you are already living in the city, staying with a friend or subletting, pending your job search.If you can be there physically, it’s never inappropriate to mention when you’ll be there and available for an interview. Employers will be much more eager to hire you if they don’t have to pay for relocation.5. Be smart about money.Figure out the logistics of your financial situation in your new state before you get there. Bone up on the relative cost-of-living, the average salary range for your industry and role, how far your money will go when you live there, and how much you require. Figure out your target state’s tax code to assess your liabilities.6. Assure them you  will be moving.Remember, no potential employer wants to hear you waffling. Be willing to talk about it- and when you do, be honest. Don’t make promises to interview if you cannot make it. Ask instead for a Skype interview, if possible. But do make sure to make it clear that you are moving, not just that you’re considering it. Make them know you’re as safe a bet as someone already living down the street.

Indigenous Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Indigenous Religions - Essay Example The Apache dwelled in a desert environment and led a nomadic life. This environment and way of living is difficult and consumes most of the individual’s time in the search for food and water and moving (Hunt). The tribe could not picture an afterlife in an environment similar to their current one; hence they may have chosen to ignore the thought that there could be an afterlife altogether. Living in such an environment, it is easier for a victim to have the view that their survival solely depends on their hard work rather than by the grace of some god or supernatural being. The tough situations that this tribe went through may have driven their lack of acknowledgment of the existence of both a god and an afterlife.Olorun is a higher being, with more powers who assigns tasks or duties to other beings, the Orishas to accomplish. Olorun is thus like the leader whose role is to manage, direct and oversee the progress of any desired work.The messenger tool along a calabash, a chick en and his helper, Oduduwa. All came to the world by descending on a rope. However, Obatala got drunk when they stopped over at a party, and Oduduwa had to carry on with the task at hand. Oduduwa created the earth by sprinkling soil from the calabash over the water. He then released the chicken which ran spreading the earth over until the whole place was filled with land. When Obatala recovered from this drunk state, he was assigned the task of creating the people who would live on the land. That was how the world and the people therein came to be.

Art and the Church and the national parks are practically the same Term Paper

Art and the Church and the national parks are practically the same thing. You're defended because you're ineffectual - Term Paper Example One of the artists who have created very effective art in recent times is Giuseppe (2012) Pellicano. Giuseppe work is quite the opposite of the ineffective artist as described by Connor (2006), and his artistic work does not need to be defended. As a conceptual artists Giuseppe has been able to attract the attention of the masses to issues that are critical to the society. One of Giuseppe (2012)’s artwork the The Left.Left. Rigtht. Left. Porcelain has been able to attain critical acclaim for the artiste and cannot be said to be ineffectual as Connor (2006) claims. Under a concept similar to Eleanor Antin’s 100 boots concept, Giuseppe (2006) developed the Left. Left. Left, right, left exhibition to remember the American soldiers who lost their lives in the Iraq war. The Left.Left. Rigth. Left Installation According to Giuseppe (2012), the title emanates from a cadence call in the military used in ordering soldiers into marching formations. This call is made by the leadin g soldiers then the others repeat behind him in unison. The title was symbolic as it echoes with the Camaraderie and unity among the soldiers who fought in Operation Iraq freedom , Operation New Dawn and Operation Enduring Freedom. The artwork was created by using porcelain moulded into the shape of military boots. Initially, Giuseppe (2012) set out to mould a boot for every soldier who had lost their life in the three operations. The combat boot had five parts that made up the various side of a boot. The boot was made by bandying the five parts of the boot together and the pouring the mixed Porcelain into the mould. The mould was then allowed to shape for three hours before the mould was unfastened to release the boot that looks like the real life boot. The porcelain was allowed to dry further before removing the seams at the junction of the moulds. The surface is then thoroughly smoothed and cleansed to improve its aesthetic appeal. Before, taking the boots to the kiln, a hole was made in the tongue of the boots and Dog tags were fastened through the hole in the tongue. According to the creator, Porcelain was chosen as the material to be creating the boots as its the best among clay bodies and would represent the absolute respect the creator wished to show the soldiers. Porcelain remains white even after firing a colour the creator felt represents stillness and silence used to pay the last respect to a fallen soldier. According to Giuseppe (2012) the same material and slip casting was chosen for making the boots to make sure their represent the view that humans are all equal. According to Giuseppe (2012) the similarities in design would mirror the fact that each soldier was made of blood and flesh, regardless of religion, sex or race. The need to create boots from the same cast explains why the creator was unable to mould more than a 100 boots, as the cast has a short lifespan that can only create a limited number of boots. The idea to fasten dog tags on the boots was taken from another artwork also used to commemorate the lives of fallen soldier in a previous war. This artwork is named Above and Beyond and is displayed at the National Vietnam Veterans Art Museum. It is 10-by-40- foot sculpture and is fastened with soldiers name bearing the names of every soldier who fell in the Vietnam War. Similarly, Giuseppe (2012) used dog tags bearing the name, date of death and the

SOCIAL NETWORKING AND STUDENT SAFETY BALANCING STUDENT FIRST AMENDMENT Essay

SOCIAL NETWORKING AND STUDENT SAFETY BALANCING STUDENT FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND DISCIPLINING THREATENING SPEECH - Essay Example ertain nation are capable of governing their own selves but at least, it is of an utmost fact that people always desires for the good and well-being of their own country; hence, the essence of universal suffrage prevails that the people instinctively chooses leaders who will run the nation; leaders who possess the same amount of passion in upholding the welfare of the nation and therefore deserves to take supreme control over the nation. In America, it is very evident from a keen observers eye the results brought about by democracy. There is so much talent that can be found everywhere. There are many people who are more deserving for a seat to supremacy but are not part of the supreme authority. Instead, they are part of the common Tao that work and live a normal life every day and it should be noticed that these are the outcomes in connection to democracys excess over its previous limitations. Democracy is not merely deficient of judgment that is important to choose people that truly deserves their trust, however, almost always have not wished or had the intention to look for them. It is of an undeniable fact that institutions embracing democracy inclines to introduce a sense of jealousy in the heart of each individual; it is not due to the fact that they have all the capacity to rise above everyone elses position as ultimately because these would mean to unnoticeably beset the people who hired them. Democratic bodies enlivens and teaches a desire for fairness which cannot be satisfied at all. The norm of fairness that renders men self-regulating of each other provides them a practice as well as a perception for going along their isolated acts no other controller aside from their own drive. The whole freedom, which they always delight in relative to their peers and in the interactions of personal life, lean towards making them gaze at all power with an envious eye and hastily proposes towards them the concept and the passion of political liberty. A usual bias

The BCG Growth Matrix for BSkyB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The BCG Growth Matrix for BSkyB - Essay Example The development of business activities around the world has led to the need for new types of strategic tools that will support daily managerial activities – especially the identification and the evaluation of a firm’s competitiveness within the modern market. Towards this direction, extremely effective strategic tools have been designed and are applied by managers internationally offering the necessary basis for the increase of corporate performance – only where particular rules are followed regarding the adaptation of these tools on a specific market. Emphasizing the importance of these strategic tools Shay et al. (1999) noticed that ‘managers today would benefit from strategic analysis tools that foster an understanding of the competitive environment from multiple perspectives’ (Shay et al., 1999, 559); however, it is necessary than in each case the appropriate strategic tool is chosen by a firm’s managers making sure that its use will benef it the firm both in the short and the long term. The current paper focuses on the examination of the role and the importance of a particular strategic tool, the BCG matrix (see Appendix, Figure 1) for the performance of a specific firm based in the UK, the British Sky Broadcasting Group plc (BSkyB). The specific firm is among the FTSE 100 firms having a significant position in the British market. Therefore, the examination of its daily activities using the BCG matrix has been considered to help towards the identification of the effectiveness of this matrix when used by modern firms especially those with a simultaneous presence in many industrial sectors (like in the case of BSkyB which operates in both the telecommunications and the TV broadcasting sectors).

Websites search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Websites search - Essay Example It is very helpful in the provision of details concerning family and community involvement in children programs. Fine: Family Involvement Network of Educators provided at Harvard Family Research Project (http://www.hfrp.org/) has a lot of resources and publications concerning family involvement that can be employed in classrooms for instructing. The site is very supportive as it provides a lot of publications collectively at one place. National Coalition for Parent Involvement in Education (http://www.ncpie.org/) is an informative site that contains a lot of information regarding family and development, family-community organizations, family-education organizations and parents and families. This can be used for teaching in classrooms by reading and facilitating parents with the reading material. National Center for Family and Community Connections with Schools (http://www.sedl.org/connections/) contains family and community based researches and practical works informing about how students at schools can be supported by families and communities. It will be helpful in classroom instructions because it contains a huge collection of resources concerning family and community connections with schools. LDonline (http://www.ldonline.org/educators) is a website that gives detailed data related to disability and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). The site is very useful in terms of its informative material. The site is rich with information concerning learning about disabilities and ADHD. Information can be retrieved from this site in order to help out students in terms of instruction concerning disabilities. BC Ministry of Education: Special Education (http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/) contains resource documents and policies concerning education of special children. Hence, this site contains a huge amount of data of resource documents concerning students with disabilities. The information provided at this site can be

The BCG Growth Matrix for BSkyB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The BCG Growth Matrix for BSkyB - Essay Example The development of business activities around the world has led to the need for new types of strategic tools that will support daily managerial activities – especially the identification and the evaluation of a firm’s competitiveness within the modern market. Towards this direction, extremely effective strategic tools have been designed and are applied by managers internationally offering the necessary basis for the increase of corporate performance – only where particular rules are followed regarding the adaptation of these tools on a specific market. Emphasizing the importance of these strategic tools Shay et al. (1999) noticed that ‘managers today would benefit from strategic analysis tools that foster an understanding of the competitive environment from multiple perspectives’ (Shay et al., 1999, 559); however, it is necessary than in each case the appropriate strategic tool is chosen by a firm’s managers making sure that its use will benef it the firm both in the short and the long term. The current paper focuses on the examination of the role and the importance of a particular strategic tool, the BCG matrix (see Appendix, Figure 1) for the performance of a specific firm based in the UK, the British Sky Broadcasting Group plc (BSkyB). The specific firm is among the FTSE 100 firms having a significant position in the British market. Therefore, the examination of its daily activities using the BCG matrix has been considered to help towards the identification of the effectiveness of this matrix when used by modern firms especially those with a simultaneous presence in many industrial sectors (like in the case of BSkyB which operates in both the telecommunications and the TV broadcasting sectors).

Housing Organization Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Housing Organization - Case Study Example GFHA, on the other hand, appeared to have a more dictatorial style of management with a downward flow of communication. The newly created housing association would be based in new offices located in the centre of the borough. The management considered centralisation to be beneficial, as it would assist in "building bridges" amongst residents living across the borough using their services. It would also assist staff in the association, to work more closely. Hatton Cross has experienced all the problems associated with management of change - communications being the area most affected. As a result it was feared that communications between them and their client base has also been compromised. Therefore, in an attempt to resolve any issues and improve communications the management have approached our consultancy firm. Reid and Hickman (2002) have emphasized the link between organisational development in social housing management systems and tenant participation. The paper shows that social housing organisations are increasingly taking up the role of learning organisations and highlights the importance of tenant participation arrangements in addition to providing opportunities for tenants to influence organisational decision making, Tenants and housing members thus not only change organisational management systems but helps in organisational learning, prompting and brings about organisational adaptation and change. The idea of a learning organisation has made a significant contribution in management consultancy and is not just a part of the management culture but also a part of the social system of housing management in government administrative agenda. The notion of a learning organisation in the context of housing organisation could be emphasised along with the fact that housing organisations are broadly focused on organisational commitment, responsivenes

Immanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant Essay There have been many philosophical perspectives and debates held throughout the centuries on the foundations of human knowledge. The stand points that both Descartes and Locke have differ and both of these philosophers’ perspectives have contributed to the rational and empirical debate about the foundations of human knowledge. Descartes’ understanding of the foundations of human knowledge takes on a rational viewpoint and has lead to Locke’s response of an empirical proposition of this understanding. Both of these philosophers’ understandings are two sides to the same coin according to Immanuel Kant. In Kant’s writing of Critique of Pure Reason he explains how both of these perspectives are intertwined and work together to as the foundations to forming human knowledge. To Kant empiricism and rationalism both play an important part to human beings acquiring knowledge. In the essay below, there will be a brief history on who Immanuel Kant was and a more detailed explanation of both Descartes’ and Locke’s comprehension of the foundations of human knowledge. Following the dispute held between these two philosophers will be Kant’s solution to their debate, on how both the empirical and rational faculties of reality are important factors to gaining human knowledge. Kant was a German philosopher that was born April 24th, 1724 and died February 12th, 1804 and is often known as one of the most important philosopher of modern time. His writings are known to be one of the most difficult philosophers to understand which results in many challenging interpretations of his work. Kant is difficult to read because of the system he uses; he re-established this through the invention of critical philosophy. Kant was raised to be a priestly household that stressed intense religious devotion and personal humility and many interpret his philosophy as an attempt to carry forward the interest of Christianity. He received a firm education, one that was disciplinary and held religious instruction over mathematics and science. His career seemed to take light at the high point of the Enlightenment where reason can be found to be at the center of his philosophy. He was enrolled at the University of Konigsberg at the age of sixteen and ended up spending his entire career there. He studied philosophy and was introduced to the mathematical physics of Newton. There were major advances in the sciences that used reason and logic which was in opposition to empirical philosophy. Kant was a rationalist before he accepted the empiricist perception of knowledge. Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason was written in hopes of ending the scepticism of empirical logic that thinkers such as Descartes possessed. The position that Descartes takes on the foundations of human knowledge is a rationalist point of view. Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy starts with his own experiences and discards all beliefs in all things that cannot be proven absolute. He then tries to establish what can be known for certain. Each meditation refers to the last one as â€Å"yesterday†, as if the meditations were written in six consecutive days. The first meditation starts with Descartes doubting his reality, his being, and everything he knows because he believes that his senses are deceiving. Descartes reflects on a number of falsehoods which he believes forms faultiness in the foundation of his body of knowledge; he believes that the foundations need to be rebuilt. In understanding that his body of knowledge has derived from these falsehoods he comes to the conclusion that he must wipe clean and set aside all of his beliefs and start from the beginning. He reasons that if he can doubt the foundations and basic principles in which his opinions and beliefs are founded on, then it is said to be false until it can be proven certain; all false knowledge should be discarded. The reasoning for Descartes doubting everything is due to his understanding that the senses have deceived him before and therefore cannot be trusted; if he has been mislead by his senses in the past than it is possible for him to be deceived by them at anytime. He argues that all knowledge that is gained as a child should be doubted until proven to be true because the opinions and beliefs that we form as a child are brought forth through undeveloped and untrained faculties. Another argument that Descartes brings forth is the Dream Argument, arguing that when we are dreaming we cannot distinguish between the reality of our dream and real reality, which only in our waking experience does one realize that they were dreaming. He then brings forth two more arguments justifying why he should doubt everything he knows, the first stating that empirical experiences (the senses) could be misleading and deceptive at times. At times our senses could make something seem as if it is something else. The second justification for his scepticism is his idea of the Evil Genius. It is a conception that an evil deity implements these false ideas into your head and gives one false perceptions of reality. These four reasons suggest why Descartes doubts his truths and why he decides to give up all of his beliefs of the physical and empirical world unless they are proven to be certain. In his second meditation Descartes claims that the internal reality is known more easily then the body. He continues by arguing that our knowledge is not gained through experience, but rather it is innate knowledge. He understands that he must forget everything that has happened and persist on doubting everything until he can resist the doubt. He supposes that everything that he sees does not exist, that he has no senses and no body, and that extension, place and movement are false notions. The only certainty there is, is that there is no certainty. He denies that he is any senses and body; he questions his existence and states that his mind is the firmest affirmation that he does exist. Descartes then comes to the conclusion that if he does not exist and an evil genius is tricking him, in order for him to be tricked or to be doubting everything he must exist for this to take place. If everything is an illusion to him and is having false judgement, it is still him doing it, the fact that he doubts proves that he exists. Descartes understands that he cannot exist if he does not think and only exists as long as he is thinking. Therefore for Descartes thought above all else is inseparable from human beings. He separates the world into two substances Res Cogitans (thinking being) and Res Extensa (external being). Stating that he exists because he is the one that doubts and that thought could not be separated from him. The foundation for human rationality is Res Cogitans. He then concludes that he is not just something that thinks, wills, and understands but also something that imagines and senses even if these faculties are not truthful. Descartes comes to understand that his body is separate from his mind; his senses can change things and make them appears otherwise. He uses an example of wax, when you place the wax near fire it melts and takes a different form but he still understands that it is wax. It is in this moment that Descartes realizes that his Res Cogitans is needed for the senses to be able to distinguish that the wax is still wax even if has taken on another form. This understanding does not come from the faculties of the senses, since all of its sensible properties have changed; he knows the wax by means of the intellect alone. The third meditation concerns the existence of God. He questions what he knows of himself and how he knows what he knows. His reflection on this knowledge is that God is the ultimate foundation of knowledge. The minds possession of knowledge allows one to have knowledge; one has a body of knowledge innate that allows them to perceive the external world. Descartes understands that he has thoughts that are not gained through experiences, the idea of God. God cannot be known by the senses, for the knowledge of God is ultimate. He questions then how one could attain the knowledge unless this knowledge was innate, he thinks of God so therefore God exists. If there is an evil deity that exists that is as powerful as God then one can be reassured that God does exist, and if God does exist then the evil deity cannot be sustainable, therefore he does not exist. Descartes then continue to state that God not only exists but he has also placed these thoughts of perfection in one’s mind, a priori knowledge. He then comes to conclude that pure reason is knowledge gained by innate knowledge not by the experience of the senses. He reasons that all ideas are modes of thought and that the idea of God must have a far greater purpose then any other. The fact the Descartes is a finite substance he does not have the capability on his own to originate the idea of God, and therefore concludes that God being infinite caused this idea making him exist. Within his reason (thoughts) his clear and distinct ideas are truth, with the senses one is in danger in confusing things. To Descartes God is the necessary condition of reality and knowledge and God to his knowledge is innate. One cannot experience God’s attributes, therefore they are innate attributes. This is how he came to the conclusion that God has placed this idea in his mind. Because he came to know that there was a God through rational knowledge, there is an innate nature of God within his thoughts. Descartes conclude that there are two sources that we engage with the world ones will and senses. It is not the will that misleads one but the misconception between the two. To Descartes the external world exists but in order to understand the external world one has innate knowledge of the world. Human beings possess innate and a priori knowledge that gives the possibility of understanding the knowledge of the empirical world. John Locke’s perception of the foundations of knowledge is in opposition to Descartes’ philosophy. Locke argues that we do not have innate or a priori knowledge of God. Locke perceives to be a blank slate; at first the mind does not contain any notions whatsoever, it is empty. All the ideas that we have are gained through experience; the human mind is born without no built in context. He attacks the notion set forth by Descartes and other philosophers on the theory that human beings are born knowing certain things. Humans gain knowledge from the world they don’t start off with knowledge. For Locke empirical knowledge gains our further inquiry into knowledge. It is only when we come in contact with things through experience that we gain knowledge. Locke believes and feels strongly that all of our ideas come from experience and the material that we have to work with is extremely limited; the knowledge in which we attain about the nature of things is limited and one can never really have a systematic body of knowledge. We can only observe and experience certain qualities within the world, and this however according to Locke limits our knowledge of the nature of things. Knowledge is built on ideas and we get our ideas from our experience of the senses. He explains that there are two basic types of ideas simple and complex ideas. We gain our simple ideas through our senses, through the faculties of sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste; we reflect on the external world and our complex ideas are built off of simple ideas. He explains that this form of knowledge cannot be innate because this theory contradicts itself. If there were innate principles to knowledge then everyone would agree to them, and not everyone agrees to innate principles therefore there can be no innate principles. Locke presents four arguments as to why knowledge cannot be innate and a priori because it would contradict itself. If they were innate this would imply that ideas and images are imprinted on everyone’s mind not just certain individuals. Children should have access to this kind of knowledge but they don’t, they only ever seem to have ideas to the things they have experienced. This makes the claim that knowledge is innate contradict itself because if it were a priori and innate children would have this kind of knowledge that Descartes talks about. If children were born with these ideas they would not find it so difficult to grasp. He also states that if there is some kind of knowledge that is innate then everyone should posses a level of awareness of this but this is not the case. It is not possible for this to be and not be at the same time. The ideas that make up the propositions of existence and identity are least likely to be innate because they are too obscure and confusing for them to be clear without any form of degree. He also raises an argument on the understanding of God. The idea of God cannot be innate because there are some cultures that don’t recognize God or any god for that matter. Locke is a sceptic of the know ability of God, for we are finite beings and God is infinite and if we don’t possess innate knowledge then the only notions we can generate is through empirical objects. Therefore according to Locke this proves that knowledge is not innate and is only gained through experience. In Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason he aims to unite reason with experience, both Descartes’ and Locke’s perspective on the foundation of human Knowledge. Reason is the highest authority for Kant, judging even our knowledge of God. His hope is that he can save knowledge from scepticism (Hume’s criticism) and show the deep roots of knowledge in the cognitive structures of the thinking subject. His philosophy has a unity under reason, but reason has its limits and distinct applications. He thinks that before we can philosophize we must first determine how reason works in its two basic manners. Kant places heavy emphasis on the a priori method. A priori refers to ideas or judgments, conclusions we can gather, based upon knowledge we have prior to, or without reference to, empirical experience. The opposite of a priori knowledge is a posteriori knowledge, which is dependent upon experience of the world outside of thought. Kant’s philosophy gives a very brief sketch and argues for the maintaining of a series of distinctions. We are told that the realm of rational knowledge can be regarded in two ways, or through two sets of distinctions. On the one hand, rational knowledge can be viewed formally or materially. Formal knowledge is ordered by the universal laws of logic, which try to organize the rules of connecting and constructing ideas without any reference to objects. Material knowledge is concerned with physical objects and the laws of thinking through which we apprehend objects. Rational knowledge may be regarded as empirical or as pure. Empirical knowledge is based on experience, whereas pure knowledge is based upon a priori principles. Kant applies two distinctions to generate a third category for knowledge. Reality to Kant is a joint creation of the external world and the human mind, in which it only regards the latter that we can acquire certain knowledge. Unlike Locke, Kant does not believe that the mind is a blank slate where the mind only receives information; it also gives shape to the information. He believes that knowledge is something that is created by the mind though the filtering of sensations through the various mental faculties. These faculties determine the shape that knowledge takes once one has experienced the empirical world. Also, Kant differs from Descartes by claiming that pure reason can discern the form but not the substance of reality; one cannot come up with answers through just the exercise of pure reason. He believes that his forerunners did not provide a clear ground for metaphysical speculation, due to the fact that they assume that time, space, and causation are part of external reality that the mind has to reach out and grab. He believes that time, space, and causation are not found in experience but rather from the form in which the mind gives to experience. He states that we can grasp this not because pure reason has been stated to have insight into the nature of reality, but rather pure reason has insight into the nature of ones own mental faculties. Our knowledge of things is how we come into contact with it; we can never know the true nature of the things in which we experience only God can. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant achieves a blend between the competing traditions of rationalism and empiricism. He draws from rationalism that pure reason is capable of important knowledge, but however he rejects that pure reason can tell us anything about the natural things in themselves. He also draws from empiricism, stating that the idea of knowledge is essentially from experience, but discards that we can assume universal truths alone from experience. The two distinctions that Kant draws from that were mention earlier a priori and a posteriori knowledge. A posteriori knowledge is associated with synthetic judgment because this judgement is derived only through experience. Analytic judgement is associated with a priori knowledge because this judgment is based on reason, the ability to have use ones own mental faculties. Kant states that pure reason is capable of knowing pure truths simply because one is capable of synthetic a priori knowledge, however pure reason does not have the power to grasp the mysteries of the universe. He believes that much of what we believe reality is shaped by the perception of the mind. The mind does not passively receive information by the senses but rather it actively shapes and makes sense of the information that it experiences. Space and time according to Kant are intuitions of our faculties of the senses; sensory experience only makes sense because our faculties of our senses process it and organize it according to our intuitions of time and space. The events that take place within space and time would not make sense if it weren’t for the faculty of understanding, which according to Kant organizes our experiences. It is our senses that react to the objects from outside of the mind, and we only have knowledge to how they appear once they have been processed through the faculties of the senses and understanding. One cannot know the true nature of what things are for only God can,; an individual can only have knowledge through the structure of the mind in which it experiences the world. Kant says that we have tools that are innate within us that allow us to understand what we have experienced in the world, but one can never truly understand things within themselves. According to Kant Metaphysics rely on the faculty of reason which allows and helps us to reason independently form experience, not to understand things in themselves. In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant redefines the role of metaphysics as a critique of pure reason. It is understood that the role of reason is to understand itself, to explore the powers and the limits of reason. Kant makes it clear that we are incapable of knowing anything certain about things-in-themselves, but we can grow a clearer sense of what and how we may know by intensively overlooking the faculties of the mind. One comes to see how Kant brings both rationalism and empiricism and forms a new foundation on the acquiring of human knowledge. Work Cited. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding/Book I. Wikisource. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. . Critique of Pure Reason. (Aesthetic). Web. 10 Apr. 2012. . Critique of Pure Reason. (Analytic of Concepts). Web. 10 Apr. 2012. . Meditations on First Philosophy/Meditation I. Wikisource. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. . Meditations on First Philosophy/Meditation II. Wikisource. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. . Meditations on First Philosophy/Meditation III. Wikisource. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. . Wilson, Gerald . Lecture 7: Kantian. Class notes PHI3183 Wednesday, February 29, 2012.

A Survey Fatigue Monitoring System

A Survey Fatigue Monitoring System Abstract: This is a fatigue detection system implemented in smartphone. This system will detect the drowsiness of the driver while he is driving. And if the reverie is detected by the system then it will generate an alert. In this the parameters are blinking of eyes, mouth yawning and head shaking. Head shaking is the new parameter which is used in this system. These parameters are calculated to identify drivers weariness. The Canny Active Contour method is used for detecting yawning and the Harr-like technique is used for detecting face and eye blinking. INTRODUCTION Now a days because of the reverie and fatigue of the drivers daily the huge amount of accidents are occurs which becomes the reason of deaths, injuries, etc. For preventing accidents it is essential to monitor the fatigue and vigilance level. With the help of various active safety systems we can monitor the fatigue of driver, drowsiness of the driver, traffic on the roads, the vehicle and the F providing alerts to the driver. Using a statistically anthropometric face model the important facial points are automatically detected [2007]. Many researchers have focused on drivers behavioral measures using various techniques such as visual based detection and Physiological detection. For face detection the Adaboost algorithm is used [2016]. Optic nurve fatigue correspondingly causes the eye blinking when the driver goes in state of reverie. Fatigue and distraction detection can be observed by head orientation and head shaking is used only for fatigue detection. Table1: Summary of the face detection techniques Algorithm OrTechnique Description Neural network based face detection Neural network based system examines small windows of an image and choses whether each window contains a face. Hidden Markov Models Method It deals with images which have variation in facial expression as well as orientation and also different lightning. Fisherface Method It considers the ratio between the variation of one person and that of another person. Eigenface Method It works with differences between face images, rather than with single face images. Adaboost boosting algorithm It improves the classification accuracy. It works with two inputs training dataset and set of features (classification function) . Haar-like technique It focuses on only image intensities such as the RGB pixel values of each and every pixel of image. Feature Base Face Detection It is more accurate and it uses low execution time. Geometric Base Face Detection It is effective approach and easy to implement. To detect the face the Gravity Center Template method is used. Also for detecting the mouth corner Gray Protection and Gabor Wavelets technique is used. LDA technique is used for yawning. For detecting the lips motion features Spatial Fuzzy C-means clustering (s-FCM) method is used. Also for the face detection skin color texture are used. For identifying color shape we can use the color values like RGB, YCbCR and HSV and so on. Tracking algorithm is used to Face detection. Based on face detection Kalman Filter Motion Tracking algorithm is used. RELATED WORK : A DROWSINESS AND POINT OF ATTENTION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR DRIVER VIGILANCE Jorge Batista [1] proposed a system which represents a framework which combines a robust feature location of face with face modeling having elliptical shape to measure the drowsiness and fatigue of driver in 2007. The solution works with the two parameters that are computation of eyelid movements and attention of head point. By using statistically anthropometric face model it detect the facial points automatically. It is one of the advantage in this paper. The measures the features of human face, it is calculated by anthropometry models and it deals with the biological area. But the disadvantage of this system is that the parameters used for detecting the vigilance level of driver are not sufficient, the parameters such as yawning should be considered for detecting the drowsiness. DRIVER DROWSINESS MONITORING BASED ON YAWNING DETECTION Shabnam Abtahi, Behnoosh Hariri, Shervin Shirmohammadi [2] proposed a system for monitoring and detecting drivers drowsiness in 2011. For identifying drivers fatigue and drowsiness it can detect the various techniques like yawning, eye tiredness, eye movement, face tracking and drowsiness monitoring. The use of existing systems that monitor a vigilance level of drivers is important to prevent road accidents. Some of the main warning signs that can be measured or identified as indications of driver fatigue are : daydreaming while on the road driving over the center line, yawning , feeling impatient, feeling reacting slowly, heavy eyes, sleepy face, blinking of eyes and motion of lips. For the purpose of the detection of the face region using the difference among two images. Drivers yawn is then tracked on the bases of the distance between the midpoint of nostrils and the chin uses Gravity-Center template to track the face. Detection of mouth corners we can use grey projection and Gabor wavelets. Finally to detect yawning LDA is applied to classify feature vectors. Then, through spatial fuzzy c-means (s-FCM) clustering a mouth window is extracted from the face region, in which lips are tracked. The advantage of the existing system is that yawning detection system is newly included which is not present in previous system. Also it recognizes face by using the face color and texture. The color shape can be recognize by RGB, YCbCR and HSV [2]. A METHOD OF DETECTING DRIVER DROWSINESS STATE BASED ON MULTI-FEATURES OF FACE Ping Wang and Lin Shen [3] proposed a system to detect face region because of its high correct rate the AdaBoost algorithm is used in 2012. So then the final solution found is that the exact positions of drivers eyes and mouth are placed depending upon their geometric features respectively. Not only the technique of PATECP (Percentage And Time that Eyelids Cover the Pupils) and PATMIO (Percentage And Time  that Mouth Is Open)   but also the new judging rules and techniques are used to find out whether the driver is drowsy or not. The actual tests with current driving videos represents that our technique of detecting drivers drowsiness is based on eye as well as mouth features makes the conditions of detecting the drivers reverie state wider and most accurate. Finally, in short in the format of summary this existing paper represents the working of facial reverie state, state tracking, formatting, region location and AdaBoost algorithm are used. The advantage of this system is that it is well and high accurate system and without influence from light. AN EFFICIENT SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY USER ATTENTIVENESS BASED ON FATIGUE DETECTION Syed Imran Ali, Dr. Prashant Singh, Sameer Jain [4] proposed a user alertness identification system which is based on fatique detection in 2014. In this system the web camera continuously captures images of the subject. By using efficient image processing techniques it focuses on lips and eyes to monitor their behavior. It firstly captures the image that is input RGB image and convert it into gray image. By using erosion and dilation techniques the gray image is converted into blur image. The Sobel edge detection filter algorithm is used to find the edges of blur image. After detecting the face, this image is cut into two halves eyes part and mouth part. Again the first halve i.e. eye part image is cut into two parts left eye part and right eye part. If the drowsiness is detected in these images then it generates alert. The advantages of this system are that it works efficiently with even in the presence of different illumination sources background , also it is light weight and it requires less CPU execution time. Fig 1. Flowchart of the system FEER Drivers vigilance monitoring Ismail Shaykha, Ahmad Menkara, Michel Nahas, Milad Ghantous [5] propsed a Non-Intrusive Facial Expression and Emotional Recognition for Drivers vigilance monitoring. In this system, using an integrated camera with on-board processor face features such as eyes and mouth are detected and quickly analyzed. Firstly the facial detection is done using Adaboost boosting algorithm. After that the various features are extracted. The eye analysis and mouth analysis is done. The analysis is done and based on that analysis the decision is taken. The main advantage of this system is that it is able to distinguish between normal eye blinking and beginning of sleepiness and complete sleep. The disadvantage of this system is that it requires an integrated camera. A SMARTPHONE-BASED DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION USING FUSION OF MULTIPLE REAL-TIME FACIAL FEATURES Yantao Qiao, Kai Zeng, Lina Xu and Xiaoyu Yin [6] proposed a fatigue monitoring system which focuses on fusion of information, it is implemented and designed in smartphone. The drivers fatigueness indicators are eye blinking, head nodding and yawning are detected. The face and eye blinks are detected by using Harr-like technique. And the mouth yawning is detected by using Canny Active Contour method. In this system the new parameter is added for detecting the fatigue is head nodding i.e. head shaking. The main advantage of this system is that it uses smart phone for detecting the fatigue of driver for preventing him from accidents and does not require other equipments such as camera. COMPARISON : All the methods that are used for detection of drowsiness has different approaches. The methods differ from each other such that different methods uses different algorithms, tools and techniques for detection of drowsiness. The various algorithm used for the detection of drowsiness are shown Table1: Summary of the face detection techniques. Harr-like technique is used for the face and eye blinks detection. And for the mouth yawning detection Canny Active Contour method is used. By using this techniques the various facial features can captured to detect the reverie of driver. The main advantage of this system is that it does not require other equipments such as camera. So by surveying all these systems we can conclude that the A SMARTPHONE-BASED DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION USING FUSION OF MULTIPLE REAL approach can be considered as advantageous. CONCLUSION : In this way we have surveyed few techniques which are used for driver fatigue detection. Some of the technique or algorithm uses single facial feature to detect the fatigue of driver and prevent from accidents. From above mentioned approaches the last approach is having addition features to detect fatigue of driver. We can use the various facial features to detect drivers drowsiness such as eye detection, face detection, yawning, head shaking. This approach is more advantageous in sense that it uses a new concept that is head shaking for the detection of driver fatigue because of these it will easily found the drowsiness of a driver. This system is based on smart phone so there is no need of other equipments. REFERENCES 1] Jorge Batista, A Drowsiness and Point of Attention Monitoring System for Driver Vigilance in Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Seattle, WA, USA, Sept. 30 Oct. 3, 2007. 2] Shabnam Abtahi, Behnoosh Hariri, Shervin Shirnohammadi , Driver Drowsinss Monitoring Based on Yawning Detection in Distributed Collaborative Virtual Environment Reasarch Laboratory University Of Ottawa, Canada- 2011. 3] Ping Wang, Lin Shen, A Method of Detecting Driver Drowsiness State Based on Multi-features of Face in Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP 2012) 2012. 4] Syed Imran Ali, Dr.Prashant Singh,   Sameer Jain, An Efficient System to Identify User Attentiveness Based on Fatigue Detection 2014. 5] Ismail Shaykha, Ahmad Menkara, Michel Nahas, Milad Ghantous, FEER: Non-Intrusive Facial Expression and Emotional Recognition For Drivers Vigilance Monitoring   in Proceedings 57th International Symposium ELMAR-2015, 28-30 September 2015, Zadar, Croatia. 6] Yantao Qiao, Kai Zeng, Lina Xu, Xiaoyu Yin, A Smartphone-Based Driver Fatigue Detection Using Fusion of Multiple Real-Time Facial Features in Proceedings 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC) 2016

education :: essays research papers

children were expected to attend schools where the King James Bible was read, where Protestant hymns were being sung, where prayers were being recited, but most importantly where textbooks and the entire slant of the teaching was very much anti Irish and very much anti Catholic.† â€Å"Many schools required that students recite passages from the Bible, or the Lord’s Prayer. Christian holidays were celebrated, even in cities like New York, where large numbers of students were Jewish (91-92). Even though the parents of the Jewish children did not except the religious teaching and celebrating of holidays such as Christmas they wanted their children to get the best possible academic education. The parents did not want their kids to work in a factory when they become older, which was expected for the Jewish children to work when they grow up, with this being said riots occurred in a time frame of 5 to 7 days, windows of the schools were broken, cars destroyed, and policemen were stoned. These riots came about due to Jewish children not learning about academics, but instead they learned how to sew and shop. According to â€Å"New York Time Upfront, March 5, 2001, stated, â€Å"In the 1870’s some said too much education would hurt a women’s health. FEMALES KEEP OUT. That message might have been posted at colleges in this country’s earliest years, had it not bee thought too obvious to need saying. A woman’s place was in the home, and higher education—like the vote—was the province of the male. In the 19th century, however, colleges for women began to be established, and other new colleges opened their doors to both sexes. The change sparked an earnest public debate. One question in dispute—in an era when housework itself was brutal toil: How much study could female bodies bear without damage? (v133i13 pg24). That was an example of how it uses to be, here is an example of the changes that has been implemented. Back in those days the women had their husband to support them. Today, I am a single black educated professional woman. I worked and went to school full-time and raised two kids. It is true that this is hard for woman, but with no support of a man in the house gives a woman the strength to manage the life of a man to support the family. I knew that if I did not finish my education, I could not earn a deceed salary to support my children.

P.R FIELD

Remember proper referencing for anything taken from a source of any kind (book or Internet, CD, DVD, anything). Dazzle me with your knowledge. QUESTION 1 Read the short cases below, choose two of the three cases provided, then answer the questions that follow for each case. Ethics case study 1 â€Å"You've recently left a Job as an account supervisor at a public relations agency that specializes in social media and technology clients to go to work in the public relations division of a leading smart phone manufacturer.You learned of the career opportunity a few months after the agency you worked for had failed to win the smart phone company as a client. You were a member of the team that developed and pitched the business and happen to have the agency's entire presentation on a arsenal flash drive. Your new boss asks you to propose strategies and tactics to support the launch of a ground-breaking application. The fastest and easiest thing for you to do is to copy relevant portions of your previous employer's proposal, including key messages for targeted markets, and present It to your new boss.What do you do? † (Cited from APRS Ethics and Standards Case Study Series) Ethics case study 2 has asked you to write a speech for the Chairman of the Board that will be delivered at an International Air Transport Association gathering in Geneva, Switzerland. Your lenient hopes to use the speech as a springboard to open discussion about the subsidiaries many airlines receive from governments in the countries where these carriers are based. Your client's position is that this creates unfair competition and lowers the subsidized airlines' standards of service, safety and security.Your deadline is immediate and you have the worst writer's block you've ever had in your life. Through some random electronic searches, you find the perfect speech on Youth. It was delivered by a member of Panamas National Assembly who opposed the government's generous subsidiaries of the cou ntry's state-owned airline and was ousted with subtitles. You are ready to copy it and present it to your client because it is exactly what you have been directed to write. But you're uncomfortable because you know the speech will not be your own work.The deadline is immediate. What do you do? (Cited from APRS Ethics and Standards Case Study Series) Ethics case study 3 One of the biggest success stories in the technology sector has hired the large international public relations agency you work for to represent its interests in a fierce battle to retain market dominance. Your agency was hired because of its mistreated success in marketing communication and issues management for other technology companies. You were not involved in signing the business, but are excited to be on the account team.You learn that the issue is a larger, better established and even more successful technology company that is developing products to compete head-to-head with your new client. With your expertise in multiplication media, your task is to secure news reports and blobs about how poorly the competitor's products perform and the possible problems that they create because of incompatibility with the most common operating systems. The only basis o have to support allegations that the competitor's products don't work is a few negative online reviews and print media reports.

Law enforcement today Essay

Law enforcement officers have a very important role in society. They have a job that involves lots of decision making and using personal judgment. Law officers have many duties while at work. Law officers have to decide whether or not someone is breaking the law and how they will enforce the situation. Law officers are sometimes expected to be perfect. They have to catch all the bad guys and save all the innocent. Unfortunately it doesn’t always work that way but officers try to do the best of their ability. All officers are different in that some are more strict and you can’t get away with as much, and others are very laid back and you are apt to get a way with more. I believe all officers should be strict when it comes to safety issues, and people’s health is at risk. I also believe officers should try and teach you what is against the law before you are punished, like warnings should be issued when no one is in harms way. Some officers think they are immortal when they put on a badge, sometimes officers forget what they’re there for and go too far. There are many cases when people have been falsel y abused by officers for no reason. All people have rights, even when you have committed a crime. You are read your rights when you get arrested and no one can take those rights away from you. If an officer violates those rights, you will probably win you case because of it. I think the laws and rules citizens have to follow are reasonable. To run a country successfully, you need to have laws that cover everything. People also need to educate themselves on what the laws are. In this country, you are innocent until proven guilty. Everyone also has a right to a trial before a jury when you have been accused of a crime. Each case obviously has its own circumstances, and that’s why everyone gets a trial. I think the more serious the crime, the less â€Å"space† or freedom you have. Obviously there are different penalties for speeding and murder. They say the crime should fit the punishment. I think the penalties in this country are very fair. I don’t think to many people get off too easy or too harshly. I believe the punishment system is pretty accurate in this country. I think a lot of police work is just plain old confidence. Criminals are going to take the state police more seriously than the police in a little town in the middle of nowhere. Law enforcement officers have a bad reputation of being fat, out of shape, eating donuts, sitting at a desk and so on. Some officers you see  are definently out of shape but they might have great knowledge in the field of law enforcement. I think all officers who go on patrol should have to pass a physical test as well as a written test each year to be certified. I’m not saying out of shape officers should be fired, but they shouldn’t be on patrol. They could be put at a desk or do detective like work. I think officers should be in good shape and look intimidating towards criminals. I think that would cut crime rates down. Criminals would be less apt to rob a bank if they knew a young, in shape, fast cop was chasing them rather than if a three hundred pound, forty six year old cop was. All these things I just mentioned would probably help reduce crime, but they are just opinions. I truly believe law officers today do a good job at what they do and deserve a tremendous amount of respect for it. Being a law officer is not only a risky job but it is kind of heroic in a way. I think it takes a special person to be a law officer and not everyone should able to be one.

Admission to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Right from a very young age I had always enjoyed helping people. As I grew up my involvement with helping people waxed tremendously. The consequence of this predilection was the development of a passionate desire to help the sick and ailing. I was extremely fortunate to realize my true calling in life at a very young age.At present I am in my senior year at the University of Houston. I will become a graduate in the spring of the year 2008. Subsequently, it is my heartfelt desire to be admitted to the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Furthermore, I am working as a treasurer for the Cougars Volunteer Association.Moreover, my main volunteer work is with respect to the work that I do at the Ben Taub General Hospital. Houston is home to a number of hospitals that are some of the best in the world. The Texas Medical Centre is a telling example of this fact. The Ben Taub General Hospital is an elite Level 1 Trauma Centre, with a very large intake of adults and children for treatment.My volunteer services require me to visit each patient, in order to ascertain that they obtain what they need. I had been awarded a pharmacy technician certificate and I had been working at a pharmacy as a pharmacy technician, prior to my current volunteer service at the Ben Taub General Hospital.  I am ecstatic at helping and working with patients, especially the old, the infirm and children. This has dictated my choice to become a nurse. I have learned to treat challenges as stepping stones and not stopping stones to success. One such major challenge that arose was consequent to my having to work while studying as a full – time student.This challenge caused me a great deal of difficulty, nevertheless, I was able to overcome it and in the process I became that much more experienced in handling a combination of hard work, stress and paucity of time. This particular challenge gave me the confidence to attain any goal that I set my sights on.In the year 1972 The University of Texas School of Nursing at Houston was established. At present it is one of the best schools for learning the art and science of nursing. The Texas Medical Center is home to the School of Nursing campus. It provides all the benefits and expertise of a world class Health Science Center.The University Of Texas Houston School Of Nursing provides a wide choice of course work, which culminates in the BSN, MSN, PhD or DNP degree. The methodology of imparting knowledge at this school is flexible and students can learn, work on research projects and participate in clinical practice in multifarious ways (School of Nursing at Houston, 2007).In addition, this school has assimilated the latest developments in technology. Accordingly, facilities like teleconferencing and satellite communications are widely used to enable contact with distant locations. Moreover, this technology has made it possible for classes to be conducted simultaneously at Houston and other sites.The Universit y Of Texas School Of Nursing at Houston provides a number of highly innovative programs and one such program that is offered in collaboration with the UTMB is a baccalaureate nursing program, which is spread over three semesters.This program caters to the need of students who possess a degree and who are desirous of joining the nursing profession. Instructions are provided online. Moreover, there are eleven masters programs, which hone the specialty care skills of nurses and ensure their professional advancement. The faculty is excellent and consists of some of the greatest nursing professionals (School of Nursing at Houston, 2007).Nursing is not only an art but also a science and concentrates on enabling families, people and society to achieve, recover and maintain the best possible health. Modern nursing aims at engendering improving the quality of life by ensuring the best of mental and physical health. Nursing has been extremely successful in achieving this great objective.The a ct of rendering relief to a sick person provides immense satisfaction. This extremely noble profession has been succinctly described by the American Nurses Association as â€Å"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses; and advocacy in health care for individuals, families, communities, and populations.†This is very much in consonance with my objectives in life.Therefore, I am exceedingly keen to study at this venerable school of nursing. It is my life’s passion to succor the sick, infirm, old and children and to this end the best profession is that of nursing. As such, any person who whole – heartedly participates in the academic programs of this school is certain to become a very good nurse.ReferencesSchool of Nursing at Houston. (2007, June 11). Retrieved November 6, 2007, from The University of Texas: http:// son.uth.tmc.edu/School of Nursing at Houston. (2007, June 11). Retrieved November 6, 2007, from The University of Texas: http://son.uth.tmc.edu/education/

Knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Knowledge management - Essay Example With the strategic partnership relationship both parties benefit as they work collectively to move both parties forward. DaimlerChrysler have several of these relationships. When technology renders training then the outside partner will provide an instructor to come facilitate training and introduce the employee to the new technology. To ensure the efficiency is accurate, the trainer will provide DaimlerChrysler with post workshop facilitator that on stand by for further assistance Even though DaimlerChrysler have strategic partner relationships, most of their business relationships could fit in the vendor/vendee category. With the vendor/vendee category, one party typically utilizes another business services for the advancement of their organization. This is typically the category DaimlerChrysler fits in. In the global economy, with the usage of technology, a corporation that utilize this service can now utilize a vendee in any location around the world. DaimlerChrysler is a competitive corporation and is competing in the fierce automotive market. Staff is trained when new technologies are used typically in workshops where information can be given and questions can be asked. The workshops are as needed and are thorough with itinerary is given to reference as needed. The workshops are directed by experts in the field and are rotated between employees that need to know the information. The training allows the employee to communicate, order and exchange information from local vendee and vendee abroad. In this new technological era, business relationships are no longer on a local scale. Business has taken their relationships abroad and now conduct business on international levels. DaimlerChrysler have strategic business relations as well as vendor/vendee relationships with other companies. When technology evolves and training must be given to employees, DaimlerChrysler have workshops and post-training instructors ready to

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Interview - Essay Example He would for instance ask ‘So yesterday, what happened?’ to leave the interviewee with the luxury of choosing from a possible broad range of responses. Describe the interviewer’s approach to the body of the interview. Did they use a highly scheduled/structured, moderately scheduled/structured, or non-scheduled/non-structured body? See Chapter 8 textbook Based on the types of questions emanating from the interviewer, it is apparent that the he decided to use an unstructured approach in the main body of the interview. This is especially so when he persistently asks open-ended questions based on the responses he receives from the interviewee. The interviewer acclimatized both the audiences and the interviewee to the tone of the interview by officially introducing the interviewee by his official title while extending an official greeting. This confirmed the authority of the interviewee and the significance of the questions that followed. The interviewee chose a rather conservative posture by sitting upright with hands on the laps. This signified submission to the interviewer and readiness to tackle any questions that would arise during the interview. The interviewee used head gestures like nodding to imply approval of whatever matter was in question. Although there were instances of open-ended questions, most of the questions asked by the interviewer were closed, often demanding an approval or denial in matters of national importance. For instance, the interviewer asked the interviewee the following question. "Do you know among you, Obama, and Bush, who had the highest tax receipts of all three of you? Do you know? Describe the interviewer’s approach to the body of the interview. Did they use a highly scheduled/structured, moderately scheduled/structured, or non-scheduled/non-structured body? See Chapter 8 textbook The interviewer used a moderately structured approach in the interview by

Ultraviolet light Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ultraviolet light - Lab Report Example Additionally, UV-B is also harmful and is absorbed by the Ozone Layer on the Earth’s atmosphere. However, based on the effects of global warming, the penetration of the UV-B radiation through the ozone facilitates sunburn on human skin (Akram and Rubock, pp. 2-11). The discovery of ultraviolet light owes to the scientific research by John Ritter of 1801 which showed that in the presence of ultraviolet light, blue photographic paper would turn black. Following the discovery of the ultraviolet light/radiation, scientists have used the concept of ultraviolet wavelengths to monitor the formation of stars in the galaxy. Since most stars emit light at the wavelength of UV-light, scientists can monitor activity in the universe and provide information on newly forming stars (Mission Science, para 1-7). Practical application of UV-light is the study of the galaxy where scientists use Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope to investigate the differences between newly formed and older stars. Due to differing wavelengths, it is observed that the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope results show that optical and ultraviolet wavelengths affect how bright a star shines (Gam Products Inc.

Marriage Interview Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marriage Interview - Term Paper Example This paper will highlight the questions discussed in the interview and an analysis of the answers that the interviewee provided. From the interview, it became clear that the foundation of the couple’s relationship has largely determined the stability level of their marriage. Agnes related how she met the man whom she agreed to marry three years later. According to her, she liked the composure, honesty, and maturity that were evident in her husband when they met. However, she delved further into describing the attributes that led her into the conviction that she had found a worthwhile partner. The three years of dating helped her establish whether the two of them were compatible and it revealed the patience and resilience that they had in making their relationship work (Chitambira, & Chitambira, 2011). During this period, they discussed their goals and dreams in order to understand each other’s personal interests. Agnes mentioned the most important aspects that a couple should discuss during dating. In her opinion, setting out how a couple will manage their finances when they are married is a central issue. In addition, a couple should understand the extended family and set boundaries for their intrusion into their marriage. Agnes revealed that she only moved into her husband’s apartment after their marriage. Unlike many couples, Agnes mentioned that not much has surprised her in their marriage because she was well aware that marriage often brings the unexpected. With this prior knowledge, the two of them were ready to live up to their commitment. Although challenges were to come their way, they had built the three most important pillars of their relationship. She mentions these as honest and effective communication, understanding, and trust. Agnes mentioned that these pillars have existed from the period of dating and the presence of these gives her faith that they can triumph over anything that comes their way (Parrott, & Parrott, 2006). A gnes admitted that they have been numerous challenges in their marriage. Only three years into her marriage, her husband lost his job. At the time, the couple’s son was only two months old. As a wife and mother, she had to make sacrifices for the family to survive one of the critical economic times. Her resilience and commitment were under test during this time. The couple gave each other immense support during this time and considered other avenues of making a living instead of relying on employment. After careful consideration, the couple invested their savings into her business. The hardest time of their marriage life produced the best outcome as Agnes describes. Currently, the couple has streams of businesses and has a level of security in the future. According to her, the financial constraint that resulted would have compromised their marriage, but they decided to make something positive out of it (McDonald, and McDonald, 2008). The couple has had other minor challenges, but they have managed to stick to each other. The story of their success seems impossible in a world where divorces are becoming a common procedure. Agnes mentioned that a couple should enter into marriage open-minded. According to her, a couple should be ready for challenges because they are inevitable. In addition, she highlighted the fact that each partner should have readiness of making sacrifices

Personal Statement for UCD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Statement for UCD - Essay Example May sound cliched, but it is a fact that I was born with a silver spoon in my mouth. I belonged to quiet an affluent family and this experience casted a direct shadow on my early academic ambitions. Though, my parents, as is the case with most of the caring and responsible parents, expected me to work hard and do well at school, me having an easy access to all the basic necessities of life, and much more, my attitude towards academics was relatively complacent and easy going. It is not that I intended to take life casually and irresponsibly, but I felt that since I was from a well provided and well endowed family, I do afford to take is easy. To a great extent it was true. Academic pursuits and studies did interest me, but in a very loosely and liberal sense that though I liked to read and learn, yet these efforts were not very systematic in the sense that I never intended them to materialize into exceptional grades. I felt that my primary concern should be to learn and experience th ings and not to let my education interfere with what I considered to be real education. This also worked for me in the sense that it was a pragmatic fact that going by my immediate family circumstances, I knew I was never to compete for a job. Everything was going fine, until the catastrophe struck us in an unexpected way. Our well established family business was totally annihilated by a large corporate firm. This changed the things in many ways. Indeed, this had an immense impact on the entire family and the way of life we were used to. Yet, to put it more precisely, it had a great impact on me. Whatever I was, I was never a person given to daydreaming and fantasizing. I immediately geared up to the reality and facts. A thorough analysis of the family situation soon led me to the conclusion that now the things were not the same. My sense of responsibility and sincerity forced me to face the fact that I should not now expect my family to provide me with the comfort and stability tha t I once had. Instead, I should do whatever was possible to emerge as an asset to the family so that they should not unnecessarily worry about me. I decided that somebody has taken away my cheese and it would not come back now. So, to begin with, I started working hard at the school so that I may get good grades and a sound academic grounding, which will better my academic and career prospects. I also solicited a direct insight into the way economic theories worked by working for a taxation company and Charles Schwab Company. One thing that our family misfortune forced me to think about was that I often wondered whether the economic realities always worked in a random and fatal manner or whether there existed a method and reason behind them. This got me immensely interested in the discipline of economics. My work experience soon made me realize that businesses do always had a pivotal impact on the life of the people, their standard of living and the quality of life they led. This au gmented my interest and encouraged me to study economics in serious and systematic way. My academic efforts at the high school made me understand that economic

Impacts on Social Media Essay Example for Free

Impacts on Social Media Essay As we begin to discuss social media and is impact on mass communications as a whole, we must first define what it is and how it came to be. The Dynamics of Mass Communications defines social media as a set of Internet tools that encourages content sharing and community relationships. Users are able to create online communities by exchanging, distributing and receiving content information. Social media has rapidly integrated itself into our personal and professional lives over the past decade or so. Information is more available to the public today because of social media. The history of social media started with the BBS (Bulletin Board System) in the late 70’s. Most BBSs were involved in illegal or other shady practices like adult content, virus codes, and instructions on hacking and phone hacking, but BBSs were the first type of sites that allowed users to log on to it and interact with one another. This interaction was a lot slower than what individuals are used to in today’s society. Genie was created by a General Electric subsidiary (GEIS) in 1985 and was an early online service. It was a text-based service, and was considered the first viable commercial competition to CompuServe. This specific service was created to make use of time-sharing mainframes after normal US. business hours. Not too long after, America Online (AOL) started as an online service and made great strides with making the Internet more universally accessible within the United States. In 1988, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) was developed and used for file and link sharing and even keeping in touch with others. Readers could classify it as the father of instant messages as we know it today, though it was limiting access to most people. Touching the topic of early social networks, dating sites are sometimes considered the first social networks. Dating sites began to crop up just as soon as people began to get online with the Internet. These sites allowed users to create profiles with a photo and contact other people. Let’s not forget about Classmates.com, but dating sites and Classmates.com rarely  allowed you to keep a friends list and profiles appeared to be severely limited. The actual social networks like Six Degrees and LiveJournal were a tad bit more advanced than what dating sites had to offer. Six Degrees allowed users to create a basically-static profile while LiveJournal was created in 1999 and was a social network built around blogs that were constantly updated that encouraged other users to follow one another and form groups to interact. It wasn’t soon after that social interaction had found its way to online games. World of Warcraft is one the most famous for allowing players to interact both in the game would and on related forum and community sites. Massively multiplayer online role-playing games became popular in the early 2000’s though there were indeed other role-playing and other games prior to that. Additionally, the early 2000’s brought more advanced social networks and social media to the playing field. Some examples that most people are familiar with would be Friendster (2002), YouTube (2005), MySpace (2006), Facebook (2004), Tumblr (2006), Twitter (2006), and Instagram (2010). All these networks took a toll on millions and billions of people around the globe. People are more connected and up to date because of them. Social Media as a whole has brought a lot of positive effects to the world as we know it today. Social Networks started as a place to connect with your friends in an easy, convenient, and free from charge way. Social networks play an important role with social media. It has allowed individuals to connect with old friends from school, co-workers, and even with complete strangers. It has also provided us with the opportunity to build back a lost relationship or even better relationships with whom that are unable to meet us personally, and involve them with our lives and even take input into their personal lives with specific events that are happening with us. We are now able to communicate our thoughts and perceptions over different topics with a large number of audiences. Our voices are heard louder than ever with the help of social media and social networks. For example, with the Trayvon Martin case, people used social media to conduct marches and protests. On social networks, like Instagram, users blocked out their profile picture to show their involvement for wanting justice for that specific case. We have the option to make groups with people who are like minded and share the  related news with them and ask for their opinion or input about the topic. Far as businesses, they are using social media and social networks to promote their own products and there are a number of customized applications that are being made on social platforms, whose main and only purpose is to promote the product or brand given to them. The negative effects of social media seem to be quite questionable. Studies have shown that the extensive use of social media can quite frankly cause addition to the users. Throughout the day, people tend to feel the need to post something on their pages and check other posts as it has become an important part of everyday life. Extreme usage of social media had resulted in isolation of the individual. The level of human interaction has decreased tremendously and people appear to be less active. Individuals would rather check their smart-phones or tablets than actually picking up a book or a newspaper per say. Interpersonal communication has reduced and there aren’t many face to face communications and meetings being held because many people have lost their full ability to converse while being in the same room. Social Media is also affecting the productivity of people. Users are more distracted. Again, I must state that people are so caught up in texting, blogging, updating a status, and posting any and everything that it to the point where they cannot get specific things done. A prime example would be texting while driving or being on a social network while attempting to write a research paper or even complete homework. According to media bistro, the average person spent three hours and seven minutes online each day in 2012. It appears as online media becomes more popular; other media sources become less popular. People are not reading magazines, newspapers, listening to the radio, or watching television as much as they used to. As the popularity of social networks and online video increases, so does our time online. YouTube has more than one billion users that visit their website each month. Seventy two hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute. The list just goes on and this also goes for Facebook, Twitter, Netflix, Pinterest, Hulu, and Instagram. It seems nowadays that there are social and user-generated sites for just about every activity you can possibly imagine. There are social shopping sites and social financial planning sites. There are even sites to share goals and meet like-minded people. Sites to plan your travels and share them with others. There are so many apps and sites that accommodate the average person for me to say that social media has indeed made life better for people. Social media has become a huge part of millions of lives worldwide. On the other hand, social media has made everyday life harder or horrific for everyday people. Because social media has grown in popularity and mainstream, it can be used by stalkers to track their victims or even find new ones. Social networks make these privacy settings available to users to help prevent stalkers and predators from being able to see their update. In addition to stalkers, we must also consider cyber-bulling. Cyber-bulling has increased over the years and has affected a lot of social network users. These things can make it harder on individuals. One final thing that needs to be discussed is the fact that the people who have degrees to be covering the news face their job being at risk. News stations and news broadcasts are now up with competition against social media and social networks. This is because people use their mobile devices to obtain the news now a days. This is because it is more convenient to access things from your phone than to take time out to turn on the television or go buy a newspaper. This could make everyday life harder for them if they lose their job. Social media has come a long way since the days of BBSs and IRC charts and social media continues to evolve on a daily basis. With major social networks and social media sites making changes and improvements, it’s sure to keep evolving in the coming years. While in many ways social media has allowed us to share everything from the simplest to most sacred events of our lives with more people in real time, it has also taken away from the action of â€Å"living in the moment.† The one thing we can all conclude is that social media is not just a phase, and it most definitely won’t be going away anytime soon or at least until something better comes along. WORS CITED http://www.relevantmagazine.com/life/whole-life/how-social-media-made-me-better-person http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-history-of-social-networking/ View as multi-pages