Hybrid Technology Of Biomass And Solar Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Energy is the ultimate factor responsible for both industrial and agricultural development. The usage of renewable energy engineering to run into the energy demands has been steadily increasing for the past few old ages. However the of import drawbacks associated with renewable energy systems are their inability to vouch dependability and they are thin in nature. Import of crude oil merchandises constitutes a major drain on our foreign exchange modesty. Renewable beginnings are considered to be the better option to run into these challenges. The use of renewable energy resources becomes really of import particularly for the rural and distant countries where entree to run into the demand. Renewable energy resources such as solar thermal, air current, hydro, geothermic, biomass and ocean thermal can play a important function in supplying energy demands every bit good as prolonging the environment resources. India, a state with a population of about 1.1 billion people, has still a comparatively low per capita energy ingestion of 260 kilogram of oil equivalent in 1998. But the commercial energy ingestion in India has been increasing at an one-year growing rate of 6.5 % between 1995 and 2005, a growing rate that is much higher than in any industrialised state. Due to the increased per capita electricity demand, a population turning at a rate of 1.8 % and an increased commercialisation and industrialisation, the turning demand for electricity outpaces the generating and capacity add-on, taking to a demand and supply spread. It is estimated that the demand and supply spread is about 8 % for the base energy deficit, whereas in extremum hours the demand is 30 % higher than the supply. As the energy demand is expected to go on to turn in the hereafter, the necessity of an enlargement of the power bring forthing capacity at an accelerated velocity seems to be inevitable. Otherwise, if the energy demand can non be satisfied, India could confront serious negative economic effects.Chapter 2Aim OF THE PAPERThe usage of renewable energy engineering to run into the energy demands has been steadily increasing for the past few old ages. However the of import drawbacks associated with renewable energy systems are their inability to vouch dependability and they are thin in nature At present in Tamilnadu the capacity of air current energy installed is 3800MW, but the generated capacity is 1700 MW. It is chiefly due to seasonal fluctuation of air current. The usage of biomass for power coevals gained impulse and tonss of promotional strategies have been introduced by the authorities for solar energy. The aim of the present undertaking is to use the biomass and solar energy in combination with the air current energy to supply guaranteed auxiliary energy with conventional power coevals.Chapter 3HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMHybrid energy system produces power from more than one bring forthing beginning such as wind-driven turbines and solar panels, biomass works and hydro turbine. The system shops extra power in battery storage units, and could be configured besides to utilize power from the local electric power grid when the modesty power storage ( batteries ) is low. The systems provide the right combination of biomass and solar energy coevals and system constituents. These systems take the conjecture work out of choosing and put ining a renewable energy coevals because every system should be tailored to run into the power coevals demands of th e specific energy resources available at the specific site. The energy demand in the development parts is an indispensable job for economic development in a figure of states. This applies to the developed and developing states. Normally, these parts are short in energy resource and are chiefly depending on the renewable energy resources. A individual, energy resource is non normally justified to run into the demand for sufficient energy production. In this regard the loanblend system has proved to offer the possible possibility for energy production from different energy production systems. Puting together several energy systems is the possible option for run intoing the demand for energy in the part and is a promising energy scheme in many states.Chapter 4RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA: STATUS AND POTENTIAL4.1 IntroductionIndia had a population of 1.1 billion and a Gross Domestic Product of 33 trillion Rupees ( 728 billion US $ ) in 2006. A dissolution of India ‘s primary commercial energy shows that more than 80 % is supplied from fossil fuels. If we besides consider traditional fuels and biomass, India ‘s entire primary energy ingestion was about 20 EJ in 2004-2005 ( an norm of 18 GJ/capita/year ) . Fig. 3.1 shows the portion of different energy beginnings in India ‘s primary energy supply. Fossil fue ls account for approximately 64 % of the entire primary energy while traditional biomass histories for approximately 33 % of the sum. Fig.3.1 Primary Energy Production in India India histories for 17 % of the universe ‘s population but merely 4 % of the universe ‘s primary energy ingestion. Modern renewable history for a little part of the entire energy mix. India is one of the lone states in the universe that has a separate Ministry of New and Renewable Energy ( MNRE ) , earlier known as the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources. In position of the scarce dodo fuel militias, energy security and clime alteration concerns it is expected that renewable energy will play a important function in India ‘s future energy mix. Fig. 3.2 provides an overview of the different renewable energy beginnings. Fig.3.2 Schematic of Renewable Energy Options4.2 GEOTHERMAL ENERGYThe geothermic resources in India have non been exploited commercially for heat or power coevals. The geothermic resources have been mapped and the Geological Survey of India estimates the possible to be of the order of 10,000MW ( vitamin E ) . Most of the current use of geothermic energy is for direct usage for bathing and swimming. It estimates an installed capacity of 203MW ( thermal ) with an one-year energy usage of 1607 TJ/year and a capacity factor of 25 % . It is expected that the geothermic beginnings can be used for low class warming and direct use in the nutrient processing industry.4.3 Ocean thermic energy transition ( OTEC )An OTEC works was attempted off the seashore of Tamil Nadu ( 60 kilometers off Tuticorin ) by the National Institute of Ocean Technology ( NIOT ) with a gross coevals capacity of 1MW ( net power 500 kilowatt ) . This is the universe ‘s first natation works. The constituents were t ested nevertheless there was a job in set uping the kilometre long high denseness Poly Ethylene grapevine. This undertaking has been abandoned. NIOT ‘s scheme seems now to match the OTEC works with the cold H2O shrieking being installed for desalinization.4.4 Wave energyIndia has experimented with a 150-kW moving ridge energy system at Thiruvananthapuram ( Kerala ) in 1983. The system mean end product was 25 kilowatt during December-March and 75 kilowatt during April- November in 1983. The mean wave potency along the Indian seashore is around 5-10 kW/m. India has a coastline of about 7500 kilometer. Even a 10 % use would intend a resource of 3750- 7500MW. However though paradigms have been built and some operating experience obtained, this is non yet a commercially available engineering. A moving ridge energy works installed by NIOT presently yields 6-7 kilowatts to bring forth 7000-8000 liters of desalinated H2O per twenty-four hours.Chapter 5AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS FOR ENERG YBiomass for energy has to vie with other biomass merchandises. The major usage of biomass is in the domestic sector, for cookery and for heating bath H2O, in industries and in constitutions. At the national degree, 51 % of families use fuel wood for cooking.Estimates of fuel wood used for cooking scope from 93 to 309 Mt yearly. Though biomass is besides used for heating bath H2O, it is most frequently non in surveies and histories for merely 3.6 % of the family energy ingestion as compared to cooking which histories for 88 %.Harmonizing to a national study, 35 % of the families in urban countries use fuel wood, and its usage in the urban domestic sector is about 30 Mt. Biomass is besides used in the industry of building stuffs such as bricks, tiles and calcium hydroxide, and in agro-processing such as in the hardening of baccy, readying of spices and petroleum sugar, etc. The usage of lumber in the lodging industry in India is non important and histories for less than 5 % of the en tire usage of fuel wood. The usage of biomass in constitutions in urban countries is estimated to be 10 Mt yearly. In the rural sector, cooking energy demand could be met from the biogas potency of cattle droppings ; the foliage biomass from dedicated energy plantations and harvest residues can well cut down or even extinguish the usage of fuel wood. The fuel wood saved from cookery could be made available for power coevals for illuming and shaft-power applications, taking to the preservation of fossil fuels and to cut down imports. By 2010, fuel wood and wood coal ingestion will account for 80 % of the unit of ammunition wood production in India, while industrial unit of ammunition wood and sawn-wood will account for 10.5 % and 9.5 % severally. Non-energy biomass use is limited in India and the major usage of biomass is for cooking. Hence, the biomass from dedicated energy plantations can be to the full utilised for electricity coevals intents without noteworthy competition from ot her utilizations of biomass. It is assumed that 43 Mha of land is available for biomass production in India under S2 and, in add-on, the present unit of ammunition wood production continues. Conservative productiveness degrees under S2 are considered for biomass production. By 2010, the wood produced from the plantations on these lands will be considered to run into the fuel wood, industrial and sawn wood demands of the turning population. The first precedence of plantation forestry is to run into these biomass demands. Any excess biomass, after the use of wood for the above terminal uses, could potentially be used for the production of energy. The demand for fuel wood, industrial wood and sawn wood by 2010 is estimated to be 283 Mt, presuming no important fuel wood preservation programmes are implemented. If the unit of ammunition wood production continues at the 1993 degrees, the wood that can be cultivated on the available land will run into the demands of the turning population. Surplus wood can be obtained and utilized for modern biomass energy coevals. By 2010, the possible wood production from the dedicated plantations and the bing biomass beginnings is estimated to be 514 Mt ( Table 4.3 ) . A excess of 231 Mt is estimated to be available for usage as feedstock for energy coevals ( Table 4.3 ) . If steps for conserving fuel wood such as biogas and improved range programmes are implemented, extra biomass would be available as feedstock for bio energy.Chapter 6POtential of solar thermic power in IndiaTo find the possible usage of solar thermic power workss in India, one has to look foremost at the geographical and clim atic conditions. India ‘s land surface is about 2,973,000 km2. The one-year planetary solar radiation ranges from 1750 kWh/m2 in the north-eastern portion to over 2350 kWh/m2 in the north-western portion of India. The one-year planetary solar radiation is the most of import parametric quantity to find the suitableness of a part for solar thermic power workss, as it has a major impact on the electricity coevals and, therefore, the energy cost. To ease the computation of the potency of solar power workss in India, the state can be divided into four parts harmonizing to their one-year planetary solar radiation. See table 5.1 S.No Annual solar radiation ( kWh/m2 ) Land Area ( km2 ) 1. & A ; lt ; 1900 231.305 2. 1900-2100 2535.058 3. 2100-2300 461.516 4. & A ; gt ; 2300 60.150 Table 5.1. Annual Global Solar Radiation in India. The land country with a solar radiation higher than 1900 kWh/m2 is considered as suited for solar thermic power workss. India ‘s land country lies within this scope. Apart from the radiation, the land handiness is an of import stipulation for the building of solar thermic power workss. As India is a really dumbly populated state, agricultural land and woods are non considered for the building of power workss. This land is needed for nutrient and biomass production for the turning population. Therefore, merely barrens are considered as building sites. It is estimated that India has 1.58 million km2 of barrens. Most of the barrens are located in the cardinal portion and the north-western portion of India where the solar radiation is highest. Rajasthan, Gujarat and Haryana, with 320,000 km2 of barrens, most of it deserts, and one-year planetary solar radiations of 2100 to more than 2350 kWh/m2, seem to be particularly suited locations. Taking merely 10 % of the barren country as a possible building site for solar thermic power workss, 158,000 km2 still remain. This indicates that land handiness will non be the confining factor in the hereafter. Even if merely solar chimneys, the engineering with the highest land demand, were used, 790 GW could be installed. It is instead the production capacity that limits the coevals of solar thermic electricity on a big graduated table in the close hereafter, as solar thermic power works engineerings are either still in a presentation stage or merely really few workss are in commercial operation. Therefore, the most of import limitation for an increased building of solar thermic power workss in India are fiscal restraints at the minute.Chapter 6DecisionThe present scenario in the Renewable energy use has been studied. The range and potency for the use of solar and biomass are analyzed in inside informations. There is great possible for increasing biomass productiveness through the usage of appropriate tree- species mix, genetically superior seting stuff, fertiliser and manure application, dirt and H2O preservation patterns and H2O application in suited locations. One of the executable options for increasing biomass production in developing states such as India is through the acceptance of genetically improved seting stock. Hence, a huge potency in footings of land and productiveness can be realized in India, and this can be utilized for making eco-friendly bioenergy options. Solar energy is the possible solution to run into the energy demand because of its abundant handiness, non pollution, clean and sustainable nature. The solar mission launched by the Government of India to advance solar energy use for warming and power coevals in the state may gives a good beginning for the exponential growing of solar energy use in this state. Since Tamilnadu is holding 40 % of its energy coevals capacity through air current energy which is seasonal in coevals, decidedly requires extra power coevals through biomass and solar to do it more meaningful and efficient manner of renewable energy use. It is planned to carry on a elaborate appraisal for biomass and solar energy possible territory wise in the 2nd stage of this undertaking and a theoretical account will be developed for the better use of the bing air current Millss and the proposed solar and biomass based workss.

The Failed Vision

If I were consulting with the HTE Board of Directors regarding Harold's Leadership, from a transformational perspective, I would have advised them that Harold wasn't a good leader and that his leadership style was damaging to HTE. Harold tried to bring about many changes to the company without recognizing the effects of the changes, which made him seems to look like he didn't know what he was doing, though his intention was good. His past records were great, but the results from HTE didn't demonstrate what was said about him. His style of leadership was in line with the Pseudo-transformational leadership. Pseudo-transformational leadership refers to leaders who are self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented, with warped moral values (Bass & Riggio,2006). Pseudo-transformational leadership is considered personalized leadership, which focuses on the leader's own interest rather than on the interest of others (Northouse, 20016, pg. 163). Harold was more worried about how he looks in position than what is good for the company. Harold should have focused more on the people and inspire them to make the change he wanted a success, but he didn't involve them at all in the change process. This was damaging, which finally cause a major failure and serious loss in revenue to the company.Did Harold have a clear vision for HTE? Was he able to implement?Yes. Harold did have a clear vision for the company but didn't have the correct method of leadership to make his vision to transform HTE. Harold wanted to prove that new technologies and advance management could make the company one of the best manufacturing companies in the nation. Harold created a vision, but it conflicted with his values and management style. It became very difficult for him to convey his vision to the employees in that they saw his vision as being against himself. The employees didn't believe in the vision and were confused with all the changes. They were not involved in the change process and never had the voice when it came to feedback.Was he able to implement?No, he couldn't implement anything because his leadership style was the Pseudo-transformational leadership which is an inspired leadership that is self-serving, unwilling to encourage independent ideas from followers and exhibits little care for others. This type of leadership has strong inspirational talent and appeal but is manipulative and dominates and directs followers towards his or her own values (Christie, Barling, et., al.,2011). This leadership also threaten the welfare of followers because it ignores the common good.How effective was Harold as a change agent and social arc hitect for HTE?Harold at the beginning was very determined, but as time went by his vision seems to be uncertain. A blur vision which causes an overall effect of the reorganization was a precipitous drop in the worker morale and production. Harold wasn't effective as a change agent because, in my opinion, I realize that Harold could not stand strong with his vision and mission. He could not influence the workers to follow his method. This made the employees feel instability, as they also started to find it very difficult to support the company's vision. He faced a failure of having gained the employee's trust. There wasn't a good relationship between Harold and the employees. Their words were neglected by him, resulting in a huge gap between the leader and the employees. Harold couldn't be considered as a social architect for HTE, because he did nothing that brought positive change to the company. Instead, he destroys the valued organizational history of the company, its revenues and lost the morale amongst the employees. What Would you advise Harold to do differently if he had the chance to return as president of HTE? I would advise him to humble himself and ask for consideration from all his senior and lower managers and begin developing a new relationship by communicating effectively with everyone and focusing on workers affairs and calming bad feelings, lifting spirits, and providing updates and progress reports as activities come. Then a new vision should be created that incorporates the needs of the company as well as feedback from the leadership. From a Bible standpoint and perspective, I will like to be a kind of leader that is unselfish, and not only concerned about my interest rather the interest of others as well and to lead my organization for the common good of all. In our quest for the marks of mature spirituality and leadership ability, we must not bypass that quality which so completely characterized the life of Jesus Christ, the quality of unselfish servanthood. Jesus said, â€Å"For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many† (Mark 10:45) The apostle Paul added to this focus when he wrote, â€Å"Each of you should be concerned not only about your own interests, but the interests of others as well† (Phil. 1:4). But then pointing to the Savior as our great example, he quickly added, â€Å"You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had.† In conclusion, our leadership style as a believer in God Almighty should be model after our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Seeking not only our interest as leaders but for others as well and to also practice transformational leadership which is used in improving team development, (Bass ; Avolio,1994). Decision-making groups, quality initiative, and reorganizations. ReferencesBass. M., ; Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Bass, B. M., ; Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Christie, A., Barling., ; Turner, N. (2011). Pseudo-transformational leadership: Model specification and outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,44(12), 2943- 2984Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication

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Survey - Essay Example This is possible since it obtains data from Google maps and tweeter and thus utilizes them as one. This paper is a summary of a thesis by Mahtab Arafat who proposes the development of a DaaSMashup Model, which will work with multiple DaaS providers to improve efficiency of data extracted from single DaaS Provider while maintaining high standards of privacy. Privacy-Preserving DaaSMashup framework should ensure that different DaaS provider have a platform where they can share data from their database with other DaaS on a secure platform. DaaSMachup systems will be very effective where DaaS provider cannot solely provide consumer’s data requirement. The result of integration of different DaaS providers can result to provision of clients with data high levels of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability. Some of the reasons that cause reluctance to the willingness of DaaS providers to share their data include data quality, privacy concerns, and the ability to match a data request. Cloud based framework for the preservation of the DaaS mashup is critical for enhancing the security of the DaaS providers. This paper is critical in providing information on greedy algorithm to the providers’ of DaaS mashup. In essence, the paper explores the measures of securely integrating the data from many DaaS providers. These providers are critical in preserving the security and privacy of the resultant mashup data. A client may be willing to pay a price for a specific nature of data however the DaaS provider may lack enough data on their database to present to the client. Even with privacy issues put to concerned care should be taken to ensure that the data quality obtained after the integration of the systems is not compromised. The privacy concerns about data involves the fact that private data on respondents being licked. Most organizations are against private data of their getting on to the wrong hands as this poses

Grant proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Grant - Research Proposal Example In many instances, these convicted felons are injured while in correctional facilities and due to the lack of funds due to their poor backgrounds, LITTLE Engineers aim at improving the quality of life of such students in correspondence to CCPH aims by restoring their health. The drastic positive shift of this technology influences business, society, and government. We plan to collaborate with other organizations like the Federal Bonding Program, Work Opportunity Tax Credit, and Workforce Investment Act (WIA) that look into the welfare of such students including the University of Houston Graduate College, which will further the skills of the convicted felons. METHODS: The Work Opportunity Tax Credit and Federal Bonding Program help us manage our foundation with the local Houston community center. A family oriented approach incorporated in the rehabilitation process of the convicted felons. As a result, our program has a limited number of individuals, which leaves the convicted felons feeling like a family and embrace the new technologies that build their self-esteem and restores their health. Moreover, the training curriculum incorporated in the program is healthy in terms of preventing the felons from engaging in illegal activities. We have an on-the-job-training environment for technology, information, and training for customer skills. OBJECTIVE: In Houston, the number of convicted felons is rising and is affecting the development of Houston and other major Texas cities. There are programs offered by Houston and Texas governments, but they are not able to accommodate the rising numbers of convicted felons. As a result, our program plans to reach out to 100 students and give them a chance to reach their dreams by restoring their lives and that of their other convicts. The collaborative effort of employees and staff personnel has seen the convicts benefit from the information and skills impacted and offered by LITTLE Engineers. These convicts are the future lead ers and as an organization, we have seen the need to advocate for promoting hard work, commitment, and embracing of new technology in the society. The work ethic and dedication they learn from LITTLE Engineers will help them learn and utilize the knowledge for the rest of their lives. As a result, the lives of both college students and the community will be changed forever. LITTLE Engineers Overview The rise of immoral behavior is a factor that has contributed to the rise of school dropouts in major cities and towns (Marchevsky and Theoharis ). The Federal Bonding Program, Work Opportunity Tax Credit, and Workforce Investment Act (WIA) has been able to team up with the LITTLE Engineers in overseeing the activities of community building through healthy living education workshops. LITTLE Engineers are aware of the need to familiarize students with the technological systems in the medical field and have formed partnerships with other organizations to give rehabilitation services to be able to succeed in the current work environment. Background Convicted felons in the United States have increased at an alarming rate that has brought the attention of many organizations because the health of young people is in jeopardy. It

What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith Essay Example for Free

What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith Essay Comparison of â€Å"What it’s like to be a black girl† and Country Lovers Many people don’t realize just how far back African American Literature dates back to, it really started back in the 18th century. These types of scripts have a tendency to concentrate on topics of racism, inner struggles, slavery, prejudice, and the quest of sovereignty as well as equality. The two well-known writers on this subject matter are Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith. During the course of this paper, actualities of the short story Country Lovers, by Nadine Gordimer and the poem, â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl,† by Patricia Smith, will be associated and compared to each other in respects to form, style, and content. When reading this short story and poem, the reader will come to realize that both of the main characters are the protagonist black females, only because they both have to deal with judgement from others because of who they are based on their race or the color of their skin. In the short story entitled â€Å"Country Lovers† which was written by Nadine Gordimer in 1975† (Clugston, 2010), is about a prohibited love amongst a young black girl named Thebedi and a young white boy named Paulus Eysendyck. The two leading characters Paulus and Thebedi were raised up together since they were little children. The two of them frolicked together and consumed much of their juvenile days with one another. Time passed, they begin to mature, and they became detached from each other. As the two children became older, they realized that could not be seen in public together, for the reason of race and their family status in the community. During the course of this short story there are numerous dramaturgical effects. The first takes place when the narrator talks about Paulus going away to school â€Å"This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen; so that by the time early adolescence is reached, the black children are making along with the bodily changes common to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasie little master† (Clugston, 2010). Though, the connection formed among them as youngsters was still present, n either Paulus’ or Thebedi’s parents not once banned them from hanging out with one another, but there was constantly this silent awareness that they both recognized it to be immoral, since they constantly seemed to be disguise or fabricate the fact that they did spend a lot of time together. A sample of this is when Paulus arrived home from school and gave Thebedi a gift. â€Å"She told her father the missus had given them to her as a reward for some works she had done-it was true she sometimes was called to help out in the farmhouse. She told the girls in the kraal that she had a sweetheart nobody knew about, tat away, away on another farm, and they giggled, and teased, and admired her. There was a boy in the kraal called Njabulo who said he wished he could have brought her a belt and ear–rings† (Clugston, 2010). As the story continues the reader will see the damage of the loss of purity and prohibited love, as expressed here when Paulus takes notice of Thebedi as she splash in the water â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighboring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of light in the earth–smelling deep shade. They were not afraid of one another, they had known one another always; he did with her what he had done that time in the storeroom at the wedding, and this time it was so lovely, so lovely, he was surprised . . . and she was surprised by it, too—he could see in her dark face that was part of the shade, with her big dark eyes, shiny as soft water, watching him attentively: as she had when they used to huddle over their teams of mud oxen, as she had when he told her about detention weekends at school.† (Clugston, 2010). The reader gets a taste of how bad discrimination can be just before the end of this short story, when Paulus Eysendyck comes home from the veterinary college for the holiday season. This is when he discovers Thebedi had a baby. When he discovers information about the baby, he goes to Thebedi’s shed to see for himself if the information was true he was hearing. When he gets to the shed he gets a glimpse of the baby first hand â€Å"He struggled for a moment with a grimace of tears, anger, and self–pity. He said, You havent been near the house with it?’ (Clugston, 2010). By his antiphon after the discovery that the two of them produced a life for the period of their prohibited affair, demonstrates just how much he recognized, the fact that such thing would not be accepted within his society. As the story goes on Paulus comes back to the shed where Thebedi and the newborn lived; and it stated â€Å"She thought she heard small grunts from the hut, the kind of infant grunt that indicates a full stomach, a deep sleep. After a time, long or short she did not know, he came out and walked away with plodding stride (his fathers gait) out of sight, towards his fathers house† (Clugston, 2010). As the reader reads on the reader develops the understanding that Paulus murdered the newborn that day when he went back to Thebedi’s shed. â€Å"The baby was not fed during the night and although she kept telling Njabulo it was sleeping, he saw for himself in the morning that it wa s dead. He comforted her with words and caresses. She did not cry but simply sat, staring at the door† (Clugston, 2010). After interpretating this part of the story conveys to me that Paulus was actually fearful that the public would find out about the relationship between the two and tries to cover it up as if nothing ever happened between the two of them. Which show’s you how difficult life must have been back then with the racial discriminations. At the very end of this story the police had dug up the baby and brought charges against Paulus for murder. Thebedi up on the stand said â€Å"She cried hysterically in the witness box, saying yes, yes (the gilt hoop ear–rings swung in her ears), she saw the accused pouring liquid into the babys mouth. She said he had threatened to shoot her if she told anyone† (Clugston, 2010). Over a year had gone by when Thebedi returned to the court house; but this time she told the court that â€Å"she said she had not seen what t he white man did in the house† (Clugston, 2010). Because of her testimony â€Å"The verdict on the accused was not guilty(Clugston, 2010).

Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell is a global, publically traded Public Limited Company, whose main focus is on the energy and petrochemicals business. Royal Dutch/Shell officially formed in 1907, with the merger of a London based Transportation Company called Samuel Shell transport and trading company ltd., and a recently formed oil company from the Netherlands, the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company. This merger facilitated the transportation of oil throughout the world, giving Royal Dutch Shell a global presence in the then emerging market of oil. Until 2005, Royal Dutch and Shell were two entities, with a 60/40 profit sharing mix, Royal Dutch and Shell respectively. The two companies officially merged into one entity, eliminating the slash after Royal Dutch. They have a principal listing in the London Stock exchange and their official headquarters are located in The Hague in The Netherlands. Shell as it is notably abbreviated as, began with the vision of its first operating manager Henry Deterding. H enry Deterding, provided the growing company with a strong backbone, taking Shell from a small player in the oil exporting business to a major competitor. Royal Dutch Shell, took control of Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company in 1919, and in 1932 formed an alliance with British Petroleum, and was Shell-Mex and B.P. Ltd until 1975. Its last major acquisition was in 2007 of the Ukrainian oil company Regal Petroleum. Today, Shell is based in over 140 countries, and is engaged in oil and gas exploration and production, transportation and marketing of natural gas and electricity, and marketing and shipping of oil products and chemicals. They also have interests in renewable energy, like wind, solar and hydrogen based energy. Royal Dutch Shell has come a long way since its inception and has become a world leader in the oil and gas market. This is in large part due to the companys leadership, since the formation of the company strong leadership has brought Shell into a well-built company. Roya l Dutch Shell through their strong leadership, ethics and corporate social responsibility; and their business environment have become according to fortune 500, the largest Corporation in the world. Leadership and Managemen The Management of Royal Dutch Shell, like other major oil companies BP, Amoco, Exxon and Mobil is highly complex. Controlling and efficiently profitably running an organization that is active in over 140 countries is not an easy job. Each country and region has its own difficulties and limitations that put the managements strategy in challenge and force it to change regarding the political, economical and social situations. This is the challenge that Shell accepts and moulds itself according to the situation. Strengths Shell is one of the largest oil companies in the world and has a strong market position. Its operations include upstream and downstream operations in over 100 countries. The company has interests in oil production operations in 37 countries and majority interest in 40 refineries worldwide. Shell operates the worlds largest single-brand retail network, with more than 45,000 service stations. The cornerstone of the company is its leadership position in various fields such as oil products, deep-water production, Natural gas, and polyolefin. The company has established a strong brand image operating for over 100 years worldwide. Shell is ranked second in 2009 Forbes Global 2000, up from sixth in 2008. It was ranked eighth in 2007. The company is ranked First in 2009 Fortune Global 500 ranking. The companys strong market position gives it significant bargaining power in the global oil industry. Shells business operations are vertically integrated with presence in both upstream and downstream businesses. In upstream, the company is engaged in the exploration and production of oil and gas. In 2008, the companys total hydrocarbon production totaled 3,170 thousand barrels of oil per day. During 2008, the company participated in 224 successful exploratory wells. The company is also involved in the natural gas supply, storage, transport, distribution activities, and marketing of natural gas and electri>city. The companys gas and power business operates in 35 countries around the world. In downstream, the company produces and markets refined petroleum products. Its refining and marketing division operates 40 refineries with an installed capacity of 4 million barrels per day. The company conducts its operations through an extensive distribution network comprising 9,000 miles of pipeline in about 70 countries, over 300 distribution facilities, and 3,000 storage tanks. Shell is one of the largest single branded retailers with more than 45,000 service stations spanning 90 countries. The companys vertically integrated operations give it significant competitive advantage in the global market in terms of economies of scale, synergies, and cross-marketing opportunities. Weaknesses The company has been witnessing a consistent decline in its hydrocarbon production in the recent past. The hydrocarbon production totaled 3,170 thousand barrels per day in 2008. This was 2% lower than the production in 2007 and 7% lower than in 2006. The decline in production is attributed to field declines, lower volumes, price impacts of production-sharing contracts, the effects of the hurricanes in the US Gulf of Mexico, and the planned maintenance turnarounds in the UK related to the shutdown gas processing facilities. The field declines affected oil production in the Australia, Brunei, Denmark, Nigeria, Norway, the UK, and the US during 2008. In addition, natural gas production was affected by declining fields in Brunei, Germany, Malaysia, the US, and the UK. Declining production would adversely affect the companys revenue growth. Shell faced an administrative action in 2008. Shell was fined $109,600 by Washingtons Department of Labor and Industries, in June 2008. The company was fined for multiple safety violations in its Anacortes refinery. The refinery is the second largest of the four major facilities supplying gasoline and other petroleum products to the Puget Sound region. The department cited 23 violations ranging from inadequately instructing operators on how to deal with emergencies to faulty inspections. Shell paid $120 million in June 2008, to settle a class action lawsuit led by the Pennsylvania State Employees Retirement Board and the Public School Employees Retirement Board. There was an allegation against Shell of overstating oil and natural gas reserves and artificially inflating stock prices over a five-year period from April 1999 to March 2004. In 2004, Shell admitted to have overstated its oil reserves by about 20%, 3.9 billion barrels. Many of the companys executives lost their jobs, including chief financial officer Judy Boynton. In April 2007, Shell agreed to pay $352.6 million, plus administrative costs, to settle a lawsuit with investors outside the US who purchased the companys shares. In May of 2009 Shell settled a $15 million dollar civil rights lawsuit in Nigeria. They were accused of paying soldiers to abuse locals in predominantly oil rich regions in Nigeria. Such huge penalties can have negative effects on the companys profitability as well as Shells overall rep utation. Opportunities Shell announced a proposal by Shell Canada for the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Duvernay Oil Corp, in July 2008. The acquisition was completed in August 2008. Duvernay, based in Alberta, is engaged in the exploration and development of natural gas and crude oil in the deeper, western portion of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta and Northeastern British Columbia. The company owns about 450,000 acres in two large gas project areas. Duvernay owns and controls the natural gas processing and delivery infrastructure in both the project areas. The company produces over 25,000 barrels oil equivalent per day predominantly in natural gas. The company plans to increase production to about 70,000 barrels per day by 2012. Shell has a strong presence in North America tight gas activities. With the acquisition of Duvernay, Shell could strengthen its portfolio through enhanced technology and scale. Duvernays acreage together with Shells operating expertise and fina ncing capabilities provide a strong platform for future growth. Increasing demand for liquefied natural gas, the demand for liquid fuels is expected to increase to 108 million barrels per day by 2030, an increase of 30% from 2005. The demand for global liquefied natural gas is expected to more than triple in volume from 2005 to 2030, driven by the demand in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific markets. Currently, Shell is participating in the Liquefied Natural Gas projects in major projects, Pearl GTL and Qatar gas 4 LNG in Qatar. The company is also participating in LNG projects in Australia. The companys focus on LNG projects implies it is well positioned to venture into opportunities in the growing market worldwide. Threats Shells business is subject to numerous laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. With rising awareness of the damage to the environment caused by industry, especially regarding global warming, regulatory standards have been continuously tightened in recent years. One of the most important developments in this area has been the introduction of the Kyoto Protocol for the reduction of greenhouse gases. The protocol calls on industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions level by 5.2% on an average annual basis during the 2008-2012 periods. The company has a significant presence across the US and the European markets. A weak economic outlook for these regions could depress industrial development and impact the demand for the companys products. Related threats to Shell include its major competitors, domestically and worldwide. These major competitors include and are not limited to: Exxon Mobil, British Petroleum, Conoco Phillips, PETRONAS, Total, Chevron and CITGO. These companies are vital threats to Royal Dutch Shells bottom line because they, for the most part, offer the same types of products and services sometimes at a substantial price discount. There are some main problems and issues inside Royal Dutch Shell that are evidently highlighted and should be resolved so the company can keep their competitive advantage when analyzed and compared to other corporations. The predominant problem is the higher than normal employee turnover rate which can be contributed by the employees to the company. In recent years namely there was a large increase of employees that were leaving Shell, in exchange for other employment positions in oil and petroleum companies that are direct competitors of Shell. Although this phenomenon did and does not impact all global operations, there is still a negative impact on the performance of this business organization since these events happens in customer rich areas such as Asia, India and the Middle East. Another major problem that is being faced by the company is its eroding supply base in the Middle East and other oil producing regions due to the ongoing friction between the United Kingdom and oil producing countries in the Middle East such as Iran with regards to topics such as the war on terror, the occupation of Iraq and the ongoing negotiations on the nuclear ambitions of Iran. Since Shell Company is partly British owned, these contemporary issues and news can directly affect the supply and logistical train of the company. Due to the support given by the British government to the United States with regards to the occupation of Iraq and the war on terror, the company has been losing the influence and prestige when it is viewed by Arabian and Middle East producing companies. This animosity against the corporation stem from the fact that it is a British company in the Middle East. This company has also supplied fuel, oil and other petroleum based products to the occupying forces in Iraq and Afghanistan which are wholly composed of the British and American Armed forces. To remedy these pressing problems, certain issues and concerns must be addressed. To combat the negative publicity that is being shed against Shell in the Middle East countries and the loss of the preferential treatment previously offered by Middle East countries to the company, an appropriate campaign must be launched to erase this negative perception about the company. This publicity campaign will not only be geared towards oil producing countries but will also focus on other Middle East countries. Reconciliatory talks and discussions must be established with the members of the OPEC in relation to the current prices of oil and petroleum based products. To further reinforce these steps, the company must assign area/regional managers in these countries who have a significant understanding and immersion in the local culture and thinking to reduce the probability of misunderstanding and miscommun ication that would add another injury to the present situation. The CEO must also have leadership qualities and characteristics to inspire his/her subordinates to respect Arabic customs and traditions. He must exude motivation, self confidence and necessary skills that are suitable for the job at hand. Lastly, the company must set up two programs so that it can remedy the last problem mentioned in this paper. First, to capture the new market, it must redefine its products to comply with strict government and environmental standards. The process of using, mining and manufacturing its products must be free from any pollution and contamination. These vital steps will not only please a government and a lobby group but would also earn the sympathy and recognition by the public. The company must also take steps in reengineering its internal structure to accommodate renewable sources of energy. It must train personnel and employees so that they would be ready to research, experiment and to test various sources of energy that is being developed by the oil industry. Similar to most global companies, Royal Dutch Shell has many strengths and weaknesses that affect the overall performance of the company. However, Royal Dutch Shell, through the companys commitment to strive for excellence combined with their upstream and downstream revenue streams, their leadership structure and corporate and social values have become the largest corporation in terms of revenue in 2009.

Marketing Strategy for Print Media

Marketing Strategy for Print Media 1. Introduction and Background About print media it is said that action people do in their daily lives, their sayings and the style adopted by them to say something is actually directly influenced and affected by their readership activity of news paper, whatever they read in the newspaper and see, it affects their actions. And this would be very true to say that print media was and is the major factor in developing and promoting the popular culture, few years back book reading was a very popular activity and was a very influential source for educating people. If we analyze in the recent history of media, it would be very difficult for us to ignore the importance and impact of the print media in peoples lives. Media is basically categorized in two famous segments named as print media and electronic media, electronic media is the one using electromechanical energy to give access for its contents to customer or target group, initially it was in the form of audio, video, multimedia presentation and CD ROM etc. now wit h passage of time becoming more advance in the form or more digital. Now the static one which is mainly print media, and this also very often use electronics to produce the contents but actually do not use electronics to be delivered to the end user or customer. News papers are actually customary publications of the contents like news, advertisements and entertainments etc. The total number of daily news papers around the world in 2007 was 6580,and about 395 million copies daily had been delivering at that time, but after global financial recession of 2008 a very significant decrease in the circulation of news papers and advertisements was seen. Global recession was not the only factor, a rapid growth in digital media and online alternatives to print media are also the root cause for this decline. And how come it is possible for us to ignore print media as it has contributed a lot to update the people about news and without any doubt it has the power to change the trend or to make the trends like fashion, food and other cultural programs. In this marketing project I have tried to establish that what is going to happen with print media in the future, which was and is a very powerful source for providing knowledge and to keep them up to date about what is happening in the world. And off course this is very unfortunate that print media in the current date is going towards decline at a high rate, a lot of reasons are there which have made the situation of print media like where it stands today. In this report I have tried to establish from different school of thoughts the future of print media, and their perspectives are mentioned about reasons that print media is suffering today, and what are the possible solutions and strategies print media can adopt to come out of this situatio n. 1.1 Case Study over Berlingske newspaper As a case study I have chosen Danish daily news paper Berlingske which is owned by a largest news publishing group Berlingske media. Among many other brands berlingske daily news paper is also a product of Berlingske media,1749 was the year when the foundation of Berlingske media were laid down, and at that time it was published for the first time. The history of Berlingske Media has a long story of success, and truly they are proud of it and have a big influence from the level of nationwide to local level titles. In 2011 the group has reached to the age of 261 years, and from Jutland to Sealand group is well-known, and group has its headquarter in the center of Copenhagen. Until the date group has the 2850 employees working for it, 1100 out of them employed in the head office. Today after a long struggle Berlingske media is now able to deliver the contents for web, radio, web-TV and print etc. Berlingske media has successfully produced very famous brands; some of them are Berlingske, B.T, ErhvervsBladet.dk, Urban, Dagbladet, Holstebro, Folkebladet and etc.Berlingske media today is in the position that they are producing and publishing 11 daily news papers national and regional, and about 47 local weeklies. Along with this group is also publishing one free news paper, one weekly newspaper and one weekly magazine. Berlingske media has developed more than 60 websites, and have the opportunity of web services, they are also owner of one web shop and are currently having five mobile sites. About 200 Medias are working in the country under the group. Activities of Berlingske media are not limited only to the extent of producing and publishing but also it has produced its own press and has the facilities of printing and afterwards has the services of distribution . Total revenue generated as a result of these activities was 3583 m DKK in 2007. So this is not very strange to say that group has created a capacity for reaching up to 2.5 million Danes every week, this is a brief introduction and history about the Berlingske media group but important to mention here is that further in the report focus will be particularly on the Berlingske news paper which is truly one of the famous brand of Berlingske media. 2 Problem Definition and Objectives 2.1 Aims and Objectives To establish the opinions about future of print media from different school of thoughts, and to identify what changes in the strategies might change the situation. Aims of this report basically are mainly two, firstly to highlight the current situation of the print media and its future, secondly to some extent identifying the benefits and some possible successful strategies which might change the situation for print media. As it is already mentioned that as a case study Berlingske daily news paper has been chosen, so the main objective of this report is to purpose a possible marketing strategy for print media of Berlingske, so that it can be able to maintain its competitive advantage and leadership. 2.2 Research Question At the quite initial stage prior to this research project in a session we were asked by our supervisor Andreas to work together in group for the selection of the research topic, so all the instruction that were taught to generate the ideas and then turning the ideas into research question and objectives has been taken into considerations. For instance in the capability section it is mentioned that access to data is would be easy or not, as the author is an employee of a distribution company which delivers paid newspaper at night. So it was not a complicated matter for making a survey to get the data. So in the light of individual advice session with supervisor and theoretical work I have made my research question or the problem statement as follows. 2.3 Problem statement What would be the future marketing strategy of Berlingske newspaper to sustain itself in the presence of electronic media? 3 Conceptual framework 3.1 Literature Review After the World War (ii) like many other countries in Denmark news papers declined rapidly but particularly in the recent years the ratio was too high to decline and that is from 1,600,000 per day circulation to 1,130,000.Among almost 32 daily news papers Berlingske news paper is most prominent figure in the context of newspaper circulation. Berlingske media which is owned by a UK based Mecom Group plc has maintained its position in the industry after having different activities of mergers and alliances with other newspaper companies. Decline can be significantly analyzed as in 1993 74 percent of the mature population is been reading one newspaper daily, it decreased in 2006 to 72.5 and in 2008 it was 68.9 percent(Jauert, 2010). Danish daily news papers had a very sever war for the advertising revenue in the past, which resulted in the loss of revenue for many companies as they trapped in the competition and tried to lower down the prices and finally got a big loss. In 1995 Danish newspaper were sharing 35 percent of the overall advertising market which was in came down in 2005 with 27 percent and in 2008 it became 19 percent. And this situation developed because of the main route cause of internet advertisement (Jauert, 2010). As a solution to the problem Berlingske media now changed the strategy and started to publish two of the free new newspapers, and the loss for publication of these two was about 1 million DKK every day. They also had been affected by the major pronlem of the distribution for these papers, and many of the free news papers could not survive because of the decreasing revenue from advertisements and also because of having great difficulties and cost problem in distribution. A common distribution company was founded by â€Å"MetroXpree† and â€Å"24Timer† in 2007 (Jauert, 2010). Here its important to mention that in regards to paid news papers Berlingske here adopted the proactive strategy or in other words strategy is called first mover advantage,the cocept is presented by Vaccaro (2009) who mentioned two strategies,one is called proactive or assertive and the second is described as reactive or defensive approach,the difference between these two is the implementation of the strategy according to the changes happening around in the environment. Second one becomes activate when changes in the form of threat or opppurtunity already occurred, but in the proactive approach company has to be active before some thing from the external environment happened. So talking about Berlingske media it is very clear that they preferred the proactive approach as free launching of news paper Urban represents their activity. Then another free news paper comes in the market called Urban which is product of Berlingske Media, and statistics revealed by Dansk Oplagskontrol(Danish Bureau of Circulation) of 2008 showed that 15 weekly and 49 monthly magazines were there in the market, and according to Jauert weekly magazines were distributed in 1.8 million copies in 2008 whereas in the same year 1.140 monthly magazines were distributed. But this ratio has continnuosly been decreasing and as a result in 2006 it was 1.6 million for weeklies and 1.3 for monthlies and further in 2008 it became 1.4 million for weeklies and 1.3 million for monthlies and quarterlies (Jauert, 2010). It is now very clear that and also its been proven that print media is not off course dying but on the other hand growing worldwide, there is no doubt that digital world has captured most of the media and this is said to be their age but even in this situation print can not be avoided. The print media market now started offering a variety of product and is mainly divided into two broad categories which are respectively commercial printing and periodicals. Commercial printing is often used on some occasions context for example making of broachers and cards etc. but the periodical printing includes the products in the routine like newspaper circulation and magazines etc. (Kipphan, 2001) Today the business publishers are having a very bad advertising sales and the economy in many recent years could not contribute to the publishers, so to achieve the success in this digital era it is very important for publishers to come with variety of products and services, so they can fulfill the demand of the reader as well as of advertisers. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print,2004). Recently a new terminology has been introduced about the integrated media and marketing models, but to make this new model on the way of success and for the purpose of implementation it will obviously be a need of skilled and broad minded people. The fact of the matter is that there are off course some problems which readers and publishers face when using print publications, for readers the problem is that they can not be well addressed to the information they want acquire, from advertiser point of view after having a campaign for anything it is not possible to measure the affect. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print,2004). But in this kind of circumstances would it be possible to for print publishers to make a solution to the problem, and the answer is yes, off course they can have the opportunity of zero based assessment where they can understand to what extent their information structure is dependent on the print and advertising and what strategies can be adopted to align them in current market place. Not only this they also have a big advantage of technology to use for the progress on integrated media and marketing. Today technology became so fast that publishers can be able to control all medias by using an integrated platform. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print, 2004). To achieve the success in the current date it is of vital importance for the publishers to make a shift, change is now necessary expertise are required to bring that change, it would be considered that what is demand of people how they want to acquire the information. Time is changed today, old models and theories are no longer very fruitful and now according to the changing environment many publishing companies have their websites to meet the competitive edge, as they are offering related services through these website but important point is to consider all this as an initiative. Internet features must be used for the purpose of distribution and other stages of the traditional publications. (Jim Kilmetis, selling communications Inc, Future of Print, 2004). 3.2 Other Concepts from Related Work Here another perspective comes from Schibsted, a Norwegian news paper, this is said about it that if they would like to greet anyone visiting them, it is hand operated printing press which was actually bought by the founder of this group Christian Schibsted in 1856.This was initially established for only the purpose of printing, mean printing for others, but later on it started to make its own publishing, now the point which is to be noted that there is no doubt that the company did not compromise for presenting their machine as a proud for them, but even then this is also the fact of the matter that they are now trying to run away from the print. As they got a loss in having activities in the print publications, And like many others they also adopted the policy for being online and got 35 percent of the operating profit after activating online activities. (The Economist, 2006) The news paper industry after the success news of Schibsteds started to join their footsteps, as industry was declining day by day, but this successful experiment of being online by Schibsteds changed the environment to a great extent. Schibsteds actually developed a web site for their established news paper industry and also many others like Sesam a search engine comparable with Google etc. But if talking about the news paper industry particularly then the situation is very alarming that even Schibsteds seemed like hopeless. (The Economist, 2006) Ron Miller suggests that if we analyze and compare the situation in the context that in the past if we wanted to establish a set up for the news publication or for the magazine production, that was clearly meant to have a good resources and wealth to do that, he mentioned that in the past news paper industry had been relied very much to make the news paper available for us, and they got a lot of benefit out of this. But today the situation is changed totally. (Miller, 2009) Miller further describes the situation in the way that today it became very easy for any kind of content publications to deliver it online. There is no need of big staff and large set up like a factory process to achieve this, not only this it is very obvious that ad dollars is moved to internet now. And now this is happening in a very speedy process that now we get the news right after it occurred. So due to these circumstances now the situation is happened to be like that newspaper industry failed very badly. Considering the 2009 statistics of FOLIO 279 magazines were closed, and only 77 became possible to launch,105 newspapers were closed in the start of 2009.This is not the case only with the small business of newspaper industry, it happened with large companies as well, for instance New York Times is rapidly declining towards destruction and has come to the level that they now considering to sale their Manhattan headquarters. (Miller, 2009) Dan Haight described a particular segment of advertisement that advertisers became very smart today, as they dont hesitate to adopt any kind of medium to reach their consumer. He feels that this is very possible that advertisers will used to go at the door steps of their consumer and ask for the consumption in very near future. Further He described the situation about the future of print media that it has to focus on the advertising, Haight believes that in future off course print is going to play an important role, the only need is that print media should be able to carry the messages from the advertisers and at the same time advertisers would have to keep in mind that they advertise exactly what consumers demand is and at the appropriate time when consumer really want to consume this. Because as technology becoming advance day by day, the consumers are getting more empowered so in this situation there are almost no chance for advertisers to make any mistake or error. (Haight, 2005) According to Gene Gable the defenders or the supporters of print media are always been arguing that print media due to its nature of giving the impression of touch will not lose its position with other medias of digital world.Defenders of print media said that you can take the news paper with you into bathroom,but at the same time from other side very comprehensive answer comes that off course is true what is been argued by supporters but what about the new generation who is coming with the digital world. And after analyzing different surveys and statistics here Gable describes the situation about the current existence of ours, according to him the situation of print media decline is more sever among the kids and in the age group of 65, He further explains that may be they are very much used to for the internet, they buy a very few news paper today. (Gable, 2007) Gable also mentioned that predictions of Dire publications about the sever decline of news paper industry were quite true as many of the analysts showed that this situation can be even worst. In America the decline in the newspaper industry circulation was 2.8 percent daily and 3.4 percent on Sunday, if talking internationally the trend is also downward as in the biggest newspaper industry of China the revenue by ad decreased by 15 percent and also the ratio of newspaper readers decreased very much about 1.3 percent since 2003 and it was said by government that industry is entered an ice-age. The case with the developed and established industries is also not very much satisfactory, as in Germany the ratio of circulation declined by 9.35 percent, in France by 5.7 percent ,Italy 4.49 percent, Netherlands 11.13 percent, Denmark 11.5 percent and the united kingdom 12.5 percent. (Gable, 2007) In another article by Ron Miller suggested that with passage of time media companies are caught up with recent changes that are brought by internet. Ron believes that if old media companies do not update themselves with these changes of recent history, they will become late in the game as this is very obvious that these rapid changes and the internet enabled media knows better delivery channel than old media. According to Miller problem actually occurs when old media companies treat the new digital world as a different thing to them, they separate internet from their traditional media. But author believes that this is wrong mindset as according to him they can open new horizons of success if they work together. He made his case strong by giving two examples; one of Greyson Chance who uploaded a song by playing a piano, other one is of Dave Carroll who also made a YouTube video of his song â€Å"United Breaks Guitars†. In both cases author describes that when were being picked up by the print publishers and TV, their views turned in millions, finally Miller concludes that if the old companies want to be on the path of success then it is vital for them to understand the different ways for combining with digital delivery channels (Miller, 2010). 3.3 SWOT Analysis To reshape a strategy for any company or to make a totally changed new one, it is very important to understand about the capabilities required to achieve the goal.SWOT analysis actually tells us about the health of a company and that where do it exist, this cannot be used to plan a new strategy or to give the solution for any existing deficiency in the organization. SWOT analysis is quite helpful in identification of problem area so it became easy for the people in management to take the decision accordingly. SWOT analysis consist of four parts to make an analysis of adopted strategy of any company, and to make this analysis successful and objective, this is required that company dont hesitate to be a critic of its own. And adaptation of such an analysis might lead the company to understand the areas where they are powerful and so they can emphasize on these areas to utilize the opportunities they can have. SWOT stand for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Two of them are the internal to the company, strengths and weaknesses is actually a measurement of where company does exist currently, whereas opportunities and threats are the external factor to company, after this stage of identifying and examining the both factors, then companies might be able to analyze them to make a balance between these factors. Strength of a company is very important to identify as it might be possible that company could not realize that what is they are good at, which is actually their strength, what are the key factors making company on the way of progress. Similarly the weakness is an area of the company where company is not performing well, it is important in this regard that sometimes misinterpretations of the things might lead a company toward a problem, misinterpretation means that something which was really important to the company but perceived as less important and could not be focused. But opportunities are some external factors happened in the environment that becomes favorable to your business, these factors extra ordinarily affect the business strengths, weaknesses, and threats and are helpful to improve the business. Threats are the external conditions that are not in favor of business of company, while doing business it is not very unusual that business face different threats, theses might o ccur at any time. Now by keeping all this into considerations Berlingske news paper is been analyzed to have an understanding of its current performance and capabilities, so talking about the strengths first it has been analyzed that since the Belingske news paper and media is the largest and oldest in Denmark so it has developed a strong customer base, as with the use of new technologies and strategies now capable for reaching about 2.5 million Danes every week. News paper has developed a strong relationship with their customers by fulfilling the demands of their customer. Berlingske has been considering the customer relationship mangment strategy to build the long term loyal relationship. Another strength of Berlingske is demand of its print publication from a specific segment of its customers,these are educated people and have the know how of business and also people from elite class,as their demand for the print publication in spite of all the revolution in technology and digital online media can not be decreased.so this demand for the print publication is increasing as a strength of Berlingske news paper. Also Berlingske has strong infrastructure, as it is already mentioned in the introduction of case study part that Berlingske management owns aroung 200 medias, and 11 dailies and similarly magazines and weekly newspaper, so it has proven that they have the right capabilities to manage all this, and due to best practice of CRM strategy implementation they have the strength of direct interaction with their customers and changing the policies accordingly. Berlingske news paper is today after a long struggle is recognized in all over Denmark and now Berlingske is name of brand. And recognition of the brand is a very powerful strength for any company, because some times for the purpose of making balance in some hard times, brand name can be used to adopt a different strategy to generate revenue by new ways. Weaknesses for Berlingske print publication is mainly like many other print publications that with changing environment of the digital world,print is seemed to be as outdated technology, along with this in the long journey of Berlingske, it has been under many different leaderships, and as every new management would have its own goals and priorities. So talking about the opportunities of Berlingske it is vital to mention that with the revolution in the online technology and digital media there are many positive outcomes for Berlingske print publication, first of all now with advancement in the technology it became easy and also very cheap for direct marketing with the customers, as it has been mentioned in case study part that berlingke group has developed more than 60 web sites,so to get a subscription for any willing customer it became very easy to do that just with click of mouse. So due to this more and more customers are being attracted. Also because of the advancement in technology and the use of computer has made Berlingske to produce their contents with a less investment or in other words cost is decreased to produce and deliver the content to the end user, and because of technology enabled factors bugdt with out any doubt is increased, that is a necessary element to maintain the competitive advantage for Berlingske. Regarding the threat one thing which I feel is necessary to mention that there was an opinion from one anayist that income which print publications have some times beomes equal to the cost for collecting news and other contents and then circulating and publishing them to the customers. So the actual revenue generator for print publications is advertisement dollar. So in the case of Berlingske this is also a threat that as advertisers now in this date increasingly prefer the online medium, so day by day this segment of decreasing advertisement is a biggest threat For Berlingske. 4 Research Methodology My project is a research based project. So I have to use some research approaches and methods or techniques to carry out this project. For this purpose I studied some books related to this topic. From these books I got the guidelines about how a research is conducted. First I would like to explain what is a research? Research is a systematic way to investigate the solutions of the problems. Research is not a single step but it is a brainstorming. It involves multiple steps that the researchers have to follow to conduct their research. I have also planned to follow the same research process to respond the research questions effectively. Through this process I was able to collect the data and then performed analysis based on that data. To get better understanding, research process is shown in the following figure. After exploring different research methodologies and techniques, I have made plan to use qualitative approach in my research project. This approach is suitable in a short period of time. This helped me to gather the data and find out the solution of the given research question. Under this approach I used different techniques to investigate the solution. 4.1 Literature review In this research project first I have planned to review the related literature in order to enhance my understanding on this area. I have planned to make literature review as the base of my research work. I studied and reviewed different articles, unpublished documents, journals and papers, books of different authors on the topic ‘Print media and electronic media. Literature is the best tool particularly in my area of research to get the optimum data within short period of time. It is an effective and cheap source for data gathering. Literature survey may provide a strong foundation for further research (Blaxter, Loraine, Hughes Christina, and Tight Malcolm, How to Research). â€Å"‘Literature refers to all available research on this subject and ‘Literature Search refers to the process of finding the material and a ‘literature survey simply describes the literature which exists (Blaxter, Loraine, Hughes Christina, and Tight Malcolm, How to Research). This technique produces reliable and consistent data which can be analyzed and generalized with more assurance. Thus the data achieved is easy to manage and further field work is not involved (Verma Gajendra V, Mallick, K, and Neasham , Perspectives and Techniques, 1998). I have carried out a comprehensive literature review to explore what has already been done in this area, what are the strategies that push a business towards upside. Based on the literature I have tried to produce a quality of data (Blaxter, Loraine, Hughes Christina, and Tight Malcolm, How to Research). 4.2 Informal discussion Informal discussion has been carried out for this research study. Informal discussion means no preplanned schedule and no formal layout. It can occur at any time at any stage. I conducted informal discussion with the colleagues that are doing business study or have some sort of business experience. From informal discussion I got many new ideas and new directions for this research work. 4.3 Conduct Survey Survey is an excellent and cheapest way to retrieve the data from the users. I have also planned to conduct the survey in my research work. This technique is supportive to further evaluate the results. For this purpose a questionnaire has been prepared under the light of data that I have retrieved from literature and informal discussion. Questionnaire is designed in a careful manner so that it is easy for the users to answer them. Questions are clear and close ended. There is no redundancy among the questions (Preece, J., Rogers, Y., and Sharp, H., Interaction design: Beyond human-computer interaction, 2002). Target users of the survey are those who are doing business study or having business experience and background. 4.4 Case study-Berlingske newspaper: Case study is a qualitative approach in which we further narrow down our research. Similarly I have planned to conduct the case study in my project. Initially I have explored such business strategies due to which print media can survive in the presence of electronic media. But further I have investigated business strategies that particularly supportive for Berlingske newspaper. Because, I have chosen Berlingske newspaper as a case study in my research work. 5 Data Collection After declination of print media there is a great pressure on newspaper and magazines companies. They are losing their business and their revenue is coming down. Marketers have changed their trend and they switch on to the digital media. They have built their own sites. To survive in digital environment print media needs to switch online and they charge for contents online as they are charging previously. But this is not successful effort as readers pay for only those contents which they cannot fine anywhere or which is hard to replicable. For its survival print media needs to adopt the following strategies. They have to focus on different ways and business techniques to enhance its revenue. 5.1 Build Deeper Relationships Leading marketers have strongly realized the power of digital media. They are expanding the boundaries of digital innovation and spending much more on own web sites, mobile applications, interactive kiosks in order to deliver more targeted contents to the consumers. The

Contemporary Dance Assesment :: essays research papers

Our year 11 contemporary dance assessment for semester 1 consisted of dance exercises taught by Rachel. Due to a dance injury I sustained 14 weeks ago I was unable to participate in the assessment but, instead was asked to asses my peers and write corrections and strengths they demonstrated throughout the class. In this class I really feel, as a group, they lacked an effective dance vocabulary. In answer to the question ‘What do you feel you need to work on in this exercise?’ there was only really the basic terminology used, basic things said that did not show a very thorough grasp on dance language. I feel that the use and understanding of communication in verbal modes was poor and at a low standard. For this age they should be able to effectively converse appropriate dance vocabulary. Although that said, this conclusion is targeted at the group as a whole; there were certain individuals who came up with some valuable answers. In this task I feel that the demonstration of appropriate dance technique to the contemporary genre was at a satisfactory standard. The correct contemporary technique was evident in a number of students, while others, I feel require more effort. The group, in general lacked physical competencies. Strength and flexibility was not a strong highlight, although they did demonstrate good coordination skills. The drop swings exercise proved to be their strongest asset. The Grande Battement exercise required work, turn out and alignment seemed to be, overall the thing that most people had difficulties in mastering. The identification and application of correct posture and alignment was evident, more often than not throughout the class. In general I feel that my peers have improved over the weeks but still demands a lot more work in order to strengthen their technique. Presenting dance sequences, I feel was a positive feature in the contemporary assessment to some extent. My fellow peers, generally had a thorough grasp on all exercises demonstrated. They understood and carried out dance combinations with great awareness to what they were doing. This said I feel that although my peers know and can demonstrate the exercises, they have no real approach or presentation to their work. Style has a great impact on dance. The way a dancer approaches an exercise or dance piece can change one’s technique, body stance and physical ability. Julie and Stephanie showed a great display of this in all exercises, but particularly the jump exercise.

Effective Leadership and Social Identity Theory Essay -- Leadership

There are many definitions with regards to leadership, but what defines 'effective leadership' and how is it evaluated? Chemers (2000) explained that effective leadership is "follower satisfaction and group performance." (p. 28) G. Yukl expalined "there is no correct definition of leadership; it is only a matter of how useful it is increasing our understanding of effective leadership."(Yukl) How does an organization establish effective leadership? While some leaders of organizations direct considerable resources to find, train, and mentor managers to be effective leaders, many leaders of organizations put little research into the subject of effective leadership. Whatever the organization's policy on selecting the leadership group is, such as to promote from within or to hire from outside, most organization's leaders make decisions without a full understanding of leadership theories. The missing aspect that many leaders and developers of leaders ignore is that the construct of lead ership is not an individual endeavor, but rather one that must include the organization as a whole. Leadership is not just the sum characteristics of an individual (leader) but should include the leaders, the followers, dyadic relationships, and group relationships. Hogg and Terry (2000) explained that "organizations are internally structured groups that are located in complex networks of intergroup relations..." (p. 121). Leadership directly impacts an organization's bottom line, employee satisfaction, and turnover; it can impact how the organization is viewed by society and in particular its marketing audience. This is particularly significant during a downturn in economic markets. Organizations must meet budgetary controls, and need to communicate... ... M. & Terry, D. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25, 121-140. Lord, R. (2000). Leadership. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology, vol. 4. (pp. 499-505). Doi:10.1037/10519-216 Reicher, S., Haslam, S., & Hopkins, N. (2005). Social identity and the dynamics of leadership: Leaders and followers as collaborative agents in the transformation of social reality. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 547-568. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.06.007 Hogg, M., & van Knippenberg D. (2003). Social identity  and  leadership processes  in groups. Advances in Experimental  Social  Psychology,  Volume 35,  1-52. Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 1-19. Retrieved from http://www.blackdiamond.dk/HDO/Organisation_Gary_Yukl_Leadership_in_Organizations.pdf