Utilitarianism or God, do we have to choose? Essay -- essays research

Utilitarianism or God, do we have to choose?During many old age that question is being formulated and many scholars had a very grueling time to decide if it was possible to follow Gods give and the formula of utility maximization. The principle of utility maximization was a hypothesis created by John Stuart Mill and presented in his book Utilitarianism (1863). Societies throughout the historic period have argued that those theories are hard to combine, since Utilitarianism seeks for self-development and Gods teachings seek for union growth. This paper volition start with a context on actuality of society, thus it will try to elucidate what is the Bible view of Utilitarianism by explaining the principle of Utilitarianism, what society has to change to avoid to forget Gods principles and all base their behavior on Mills theory, how society should meet both theories and combine them into one in order to create a better society.An important part of this discussion is based o n reason what is misadventure with society nowadays. Societies all around the world are seemly more and more individualists, what is causing problems that can affect the whole world, problems such(prenominal) as terrorists attacks, war or even in a frown scarcely maybe more important scale hunger. This is basically happening because every single member of every society is only looking for after themselves or else of the group, they are only trying to progress individually, but most of these individuals forget that to really achieve the top you need assist, and that help comes from other individuals. The following part of the paper will try to clarify the biblical view of Mills theory, the Utilitarianism.Utilitarianism has always been seen as an diametrical theory from Gods teachings. That is not absolutely correct. delivery boy gave us the major example of understanding Mills principle by dying on the cross. Of course it is simple to say that Jesus died for every humankin d being and that is a proof of community spirit instead of individualism, however Jesus showed that He was following actually not His will but Gods will, what is showed on the generateage before Jesus is captured by the roman soldiers O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me nevertheless not as I will, but as constant of gravitation wilt (Matthew 2639). What Jesus was showing is that every single human has the principle of utilitarianism inside themselve... ...s Consulted     Rose, John T., Utility Versus Self-Sacrificing Love Christian Scholars Review Fall 2004     Leightner, Jonathan, Not my Will but Thoughts on Utility Versus Self-Sacrificing Love Christian Scholars Review Fall 2004     NRSV Bible     FAO unveils global anti-hunger program http//www.fao.org/english/ paroleroom/news/2002/5500-en.html     Mill, John Stuart, Utilitarianism, Hackett Publishing Compa ny Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1979, Original Publication, 1861     Harcourt, Edward, Mills Sanctions, internalisation and the Self European Journal of Philosophy Oct98, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p318, 17p     Kant Immanuel, creation For The Metaphysics Of Morals, Third Edition, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1993, Original Publication, 1785     Smart, and Bernard Williams. Utilitarianism For and Against. Trowbridge Redwood Burn, 1973     Lewis, C.S., Mere Christianity harper Collins Edition 2001

Comparing the Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Mac

Murder of the King in Hamlet, Richard II, Henry VIII, Macbeth and Julius Caesar Kings be everywhere in Shakespeare, from Hamlet to Richard the Second, from Henry the Eighth to Macbeth mankindy of the plays contain a primeval element of a king or autocratic head of commonwealth such as Julius Caesar, for example. They focus much specifically on the disposition of that persons power, especially on the question of removing it what it means on both a political and psychological level, how it can be achieved, and what will happen afterwards. This is non surprising, considering the times Shakespeare was living in with the question of who ruled and where their authority came from being ever more increasingly asked in Elizabethan and Jacobean times the observations he distinguishs are especially pertinent.Kings and kingship alike lend themselves well to gambol the king is a symbol of the order (or disorder) of the day and a man who possesses (almost) absolute authority and the status that accompanies that, whilst in contrast he is also a human being with the ordinary weaknesses of that condition. Shakespeare is also said to wee loved the drama of killing according to legend he would make a speech when he killed a calf in his fathers mass murder (Richard Wilson A Brute Part.) The dramatic image of sacrifice is particularly prevalent in Julius Caesar Brutus says Let us be sacrificers but not butchers, Caius.We all resist up against the spirit of CaesarAnd in the spirit of men there is no bloodO then that we could come by Caesars spirit,And not break apart Caesar. But, alasCaesar must bleed for it. ( II.i.166-171 )Many images of sacrifice are salute throughout the play, such as the servant returning... ... doubt it and if it does go someaffair else evenly fine will take its place. It will be the same thing in a different dress. You cant invent anything finer than kingship, the idea of the king. This may be true for many more than just the dramatist , Kings, Queens, and other more modern demagogues remain widespread throughout the world today and we are still far from the fairer, truly democratic world order the revolutionaries of the seventeenth century and many more since then have strived for.Works Cited.Craig,E.G./ ON THE ART OF THEATRE HarvesterDollimore,J./ RADICAL TRAGEDY Harvester.Freer,C./ POETICS OF JACOBEAN period of play Hopkins University Press.Kirsch,J./ ROYAL SELF Putnams.Knight,G.W./ IMPERIAL THEME Methuen.Knight,G.W./ SOVEREIGN FLOWER Methuen.Mack,M./ killing THE KING Yale Univ. Press.Wilson,R./A BRUTE PART (Lecture handout)

Shaping the 21st Century Government Revolution

Bill Clinton says that the organization moldiness shape a 21st century revolution. He carried on in his last state of the union address reservation al adept kinds of proposals ranging from healthcargon, fighting crime and education to name a few. He says they must focus on the middle class, proposing a 350 one thousand meg dollar valuate cut. But exactly how does he propose this shaping take place, and how hasten out it effect our economy?I would like to focus on what he proposed for education. He says the government turn overs $15 billion a year in our prepares. He proposes schools that show progress get rewarded for it. The way to do that is to develop in the best trained teachers, and by having more after school programs to servicing kids in problem areas. in like manner he says they need to stag schools more up to date, by connecting completely classrooms to the Internet. In 1994 only 3% of the classrooms had access now 90% of schools have at least one internet co nnection.Clinton wants to behave the Ameri nates dream afford subject for everyone. By making pell grants larger, having more affordable student loans, hope scholarships, and education IRAs. It would make it more possible for pot to go to college and get the education needed to get a good job and further themselves.Clinton says high school graduates that go on to college is up 10% from 1993. He proposed a $30 billion college opportunity tax cut. which means a tax deduction for up to $10,000 in college tuition costs. That would mean more people would be able to afford to go on to collegeNow all these things instigate great decent? But forget it all be possible, and how will all these things assume our economy as we inhabit it? Will it have a grand impact, and if so will it be good or bad?I do not retrieve following though on these proposals will have a bad effect on the economy. If eitherthing I think it will just strengthen the economy. If more people got a rectify educa tion and were able to afford to go to college to make themselves even better. They would be more likely to find a better job or start a business of their let.If all those things took place then communities would make grow stronger and cities would have more businesses which would make more and more jobs. And that would help to direct the poverty level down. There would be less people on welfare and it would probably cut the crime rate also.Now some another(prenominal) issue that clinton brought up was health care. He had all kinds of ideas on how to spend currency on healthcare but is it really worth it? In 1997 the childrens health insurance program was passed. So far there are approximately 2 million children enrolled the goal there is 5 million. Also there are over 40 million Americans that dont have any insurance at all. A large portion of those are people between the ages of 55 and 65. Clinton says Medicare needs to be strengthened and modernized. In his cipher he dedica tes $400 billion to Medicare that will keep it solvent noncurrent 2025.Is all this government spending necessary? I dont think it is. They should make it a requirement for companies to have medical insurance for their employees. Then that would free them a lot of money that can go on other things.One more thing I would like to touch on is a proposal Clinton made on childcare. He says parents spend a quarter of their earnings on childcare. He says that the childcare tax point of reference should be up to $2,400 for people that make under $30,000 a year. He says that last year alone the government provided childcare for 2 million children.Now I am glad he says all these things about childcare but the simple fact is this, there are so many people that cant work because they cant afford childcare. And the only way they can get help to pay for it is if they are on welfare. Now to me that doesnt sound like the government is trying to help the average American move up or better themsel ves in that aspect that they try to help the people that really need it.Now taking that and putting it all together, it would make our country all together stronger if the government put money where it really needs to go instead of putting it in their own pockets. Which in all reality in the stretch of things we all know thats where it will end up.

Consumer Decision Making Process Essay

The consumer purchase decision process is largely viewed as consisting of sequential steps or stages through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. The unlike steps in this process, as well as the relevant internal psychological processes, those go across at each stage such as motivation, perception, attitude formation, desegregation and learning.1. Problem recognitionis the first step in the consumer decision-making process. This is caused by a difference between the consumers ideal state and real(a) state. thither are various causes of sources of problem recognition. These includea. Out of stock b. Dissatisfaction c. peeled needs / wants d. Related products/ purchases e. Marketer induced problem recognition f. juvenile productsLook more the consumer buying process begins when essay2. Information seekbeing the second step in the consumer decision making process, involves a scan of information stored in memory to rec each past have a go at its or know ledge regarding purchase alternatives. External search involves go to outside sources to catch information such as personal sources, marketer controlled sources, public sources, or through personal experiences such as examining or handling a product.3. Alternative Evaluation At, this stage the consumer compares the various dirts and services, he or she has set as being capable of solving the consumption problem and delightful the needs or motives that initiated the decision process. The evoked set is a subset of every(prenominal) the brands of which the consumer is aware and actively considering in the decision process. A goal of marketers is to undertake that their brands are included in the evoked set of consumers.4. Purchase determinationas an outcome of the alternative evaluation stage the consumer may lift a purchase intention or predisposition to buy a certain brand. Once this intention has been made and an intention formed, then the consumer implements it and makes t he actual purchase. Many purchase decisions are made on the basis of brand loyalty which is a preference for a particular brand that results in its repeated purchase. Many purchase decisions for non-durable, low involvement items take send in the store and decision and purchase occur almost simultaneously. For these types of decisions top-of-mind knowingness of a brand is important as is the influence of packing, shelf displays, point-of-purchase materials, and various sales promotion tools.5. Post-purchase Evaluationthe consumer decision process does not end once the product or service has been purchased. After using a product or service the consumer compares the level of performance with expectations. Satisfaction occurs when the consumers expectations are either met or exceeded, while dissatisfaction results when performance is below expectations. other possible outcome of purchase is cognitive dissonance which refers to a aspect of psychological tension or post-purchase doubt a consumer may experience after making a difficult purchase choice. Consumers often vista to advertising for supportive information regarding the choice they have made.6. Variations in Consumer purpose Makingconsumers do not always engage in all five steps of the purchase decision process nor proceed in the sequence presented.There are three major variations of the consumer decision making process.Routine response behaviormany purchase decisions for low-priced, frequently set-aside(p) in brief internal search and making the purchase. Marketers of products characterized by bit response behavior must get and/or maintain their brands in the consumers evoked set and encourage brand loyalty. Those not in the evoked set must encourage trial and brand switching.

The wonderful food

I must confess that there is untold of japan that I do not know about. What I do know of Japan comes from my childhood and from my brief stay in Japan in the past. As a child I was always mesmerised by the magic of Japanese television shows such as Godzilla (Gojira) and spot Giants (Ambassador Magma) would fill up my afternoon television slots.In class, I would often share the beauty of Japan with my class by creating posters on Japan in the hope that others could enjoy the magic and beauty that Japan possesses. Needless to say, the condemnation I spent in Okinawa not only altered my preconceived notions of what Japan re entirelyy is merely the recognise too exposed me to a beauty unlike any that I have ever watchn in my life.My Okinawa experience is an experience that I will never forget. in that location is something for all the senses The wonderful food (the sushi, the sashimi, the colorful and scrumptious bento meals) the warmth and friendliness of the pot around the colorful sights from billboards and store signs the chorus that champion hears from the people on the street yakking on their cellular phones and of course the overwhelming love that matte for Japan.There is no other place in the world that seamlessly and effortlessly incorporates such high tech innovations and gadgetry with the quiet yet powerful beauty of antique Japan all in one place.While all of the sights, sounds and delicacies were indeed sort of an experience, it was not until I came to a brief understanding of the history of Okinawa that I was able to truly enjoy the experience that I had there.Okinawa is historically a separate nation, possessing a distinct culture and language unlike that on the mainland. Okinawa has a different language from that of Japan, using what is called Ryukyuan, though its use has been lento declining over the years.Aside from the difference in language, the difference in culture tooshie be seen in the different architecture that one encou nters while exploring Okinawa. There are a get along of Gusukus or forts that still break in the area. The houses are also different because quite a number of them feature a shisa on the roof which closely resembles a dragon. This is imputable to the Chinese influence which has also found its way into the local culture.Okinawa is not known to be a tourist haven for foreigners and has been primarily essential to cater to the local tourists. As such, one is expected to know a little of the local language and dialects in order to travel around.Once one is able to overcome the language barrier there are roughly no limits to the number of tourist sights that one can come across. As mentioned earlier, the erratic architecture in the area can be seen in the Shureimon Gate, which built in the 16th century, is a traditional symbol of Okinawa. The Shurijo castle is also a sight to behold as its imposing faade greets the visitors who drop by.The local tour guide gives a wonderful humbug of how this used to be the center of all Okinawan culture. Aside from the castles, there is also the Tama Udun Royal Mausoleum, which was built in 1501 to house the remains of King Sho En.On the whole, my Okinawa experience was quite a revelation. I never expected to see oftentimes of other cultures infused into the local culture given the history of Japan. It was refreshing to see bits and pieces of Chinese and Thai culture in not only the sights but in most of the foods and music as well.The magnificent buildings and the general cleanliness of the city of Naha is also amazing given the tourist traffic that it serves every year. scorn the influx of a number of tourists, Okinawa has still managed to maintain its own unique culture and combined with the beautiful scenery that abounds around every inlet it is truly a wonderful experience for anyone, local or foreign.

Information systems of business Essay

A business commence to manage lots of distinguishable instruction. All information systems have 2 big issues, one is the presidential term who receive the information and the other is that appropriate members of staff gets the information. A function of policies have to be put in place concerning security of information, backups, wellness and safety, organisational policies, costs and increasing sophistication. Security of information can be an operative issue. It is all about maintaining the integrity and availability of organisational information and knowledge. Managers need to have the right information available at the right time to cite good decisions. The reliance on technology to store information increases which subject matter the risk posed by system failure and malicious struggle from viruses also increases. IT security policy should take into account common risks to information the business relies upon.This policy should include secure login id for IT systems and controls that limit access to information. Backups atomic number 18 also an operational issue these are stores on separate reckoner hardware from the live versions of the information. Health and safety can be an operational issue. in that location are many regulations concerning health and safety. The Health & Safety (Display covert Equipment) Regulations 1992 this is the minimum requirements for work stations and includes the extent to which employers must ensure that workstations beseeming the requirements laid down in this schedules, the equipment, the environment and the interface between the computer and operator. Another is the management of health and safety at work regulations 1992 this is that all imployer shall provide his employees with comprehensible and relevant information.

Swot Analysis Gm

Solongo Burennemekh Marc Hamilton Management Practices 24 October 2012 GM bone up Analysis command Motors (GM) is the one of the biggest automaker gild in the world. It was complete in September 1908, headquartered in Michigan and Detroit. They do financial and machine business all over the world, and they ar very successful international Corporation in the U. S. However, because of the great recession, they suffered some financial conditions and crisis. In November 2010, GM made the worlds largest initial public offering (IPO) and that closing bring them a bright future (About GM).In the medieval hundred years, GM tries to turn its threats into opportunities, maximize its strengths as much as possible, and struggle to overcome its weaknesses. The caller-out history said that they clear assorted strengths and opportunities. Large market capitalisation could be one of the primary strengths of GM. concord to the Yahoo Finance, GMs market capitalization equals $37. 38 mill ion U. S dollar and they gain 8. 1 million shares outstanding in the stock market (General Motors). They increase their size of market capitalization by doing IPO in 2010, so they raised $20. 1 one million million on the U. S stock exchange market.Even though GMs market share decreased and they were in bankruptcy in 2009, the company recovered its market share successfully and renewed its investors federal agency (About GM). GM is leading Multinational Corporation in the world, which means they stand precious spherical experience in the orbicular markets. Therefore, the global experience could be other key strengths of GM. For example, they increased their global market share by 0. 4 percent from 2010 to 2011. In the Chinese automobile industry, GM is the market leader, and their sales and joint venture partners are change magnitude continuously (10-K).They run business to a greater extent than 150 countries, and they have complex assembly line, distribution network, manufact ure, and warehousing trading operations in more than 60 countries. In addition of those strengths, GM has strong brand concern and portfolio. Although they cut its brand names such(prenominal) as, Pontiac and Saturn and sold hummer to China, they unsounded have Cadillac, GMC, Chevrolet, and Buick (About GM). Despite their strengths, they have some weaknesses such as, low debt evaluate, bankrupt, and large amount of debt. Standard & Poors gave its first AAA doctrine rating to GM in 1950s, and GM held its highest credit rating until 1980s.Nevertheless, because of the great recession, the North Americas fomite demand declined sharply, and it affected for GMs sales volume poorly. The company suffered deep financial crisis, and Standard & Poors prevail down its debt ratings CCC- in 2009 (Maynard, par. 7). However, in August 2012, GMs credit rating gets upgraded to BB+, which means they overcome its weaknesses (Bomey, par. 2). Moreover, in 2009, GM filed its bankruptcy. As a result, GM laid off its thousands of employees, closed its plants and lost its dealerships. The U. S government gave $49. jillion bail out to GM to avoid bankruptcy and restructure their operations in 2009 (Amadeo, par. 1). However, some people crossed that the U. S government unpointed billions of taxpayers money, and GM is going to file bankruptcy again, but it is non true. GMs total sales and net income is increasing since 2009, and Canadas largest credit rating agency reported that they have robust financial profile. Therefore, GM has proved its financial profile and tries to beat its weaknesses (Amadeo, par. 2). Additionally, they had $9. 5 billion give from Canada, and if the U.S government cut of GMs cash payment, IPO, interest, and dividends, they still have $25 billion to be repay (Rosevear, par. 3). This big amount of lend and interest payment could be one of the biggest weaknesses of the GM corporation. Even so, GM still has strong opportunities in the automaker ind ustry. For example, GM has big opportunities in emerging market. In 2011, GMs 72. 3 percent of the fomite sales generated outside in the U. S, and it includes 43. 4 percent from emerging market. pains analyst forecast growth of around 12. million units in notwithstanding for emerging market for the next 4 years. In this forecast, China, Russia, India, and Brazil have the highest increase of demand (About GM). In recent years, crossbreeding electric vehicles demand is expected to increase, so GM can take advantages from that market. Since 2010, the financial market is becoming stable, and the purchasing power of the consumer is increasing. This could be other opportunity for GM. Additionally, GM has the millions of loyal customers, so they can keep and suck their customers to offer more efficient and higher-quality car.Because of the high competitive automaker industry, GM still has some threats. Fuels and oils are the limited resource of the world, and its price is increasing c ontinuously. As a result, consumer may prefer more fuel-efficient and small car, or bicycle. Because of this threat, GM can lose its customer. Also, the company faced high mash and raw material cost due to the economic downturn. If they do not decrease their labor and material cost, they will lose their opportunities. Even though GM tries to do its best, it has lots of strong competitors such as Toyota, Honda, Ford, and Nissan.Therefore, it is not easy to be the leader in the automaker industry. Also, the recent report said that the demand for developed market is expected to decrease in the future such as, Western Europe and Japan. Due to the fact that GMs sales volume is going to decrease, they cannot achieve their goals (About GM). However, by using their strengths and opportunities, they can overcome their threats. Works Cited About GM. General Motors. General Motors. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. Amadeo, Kimberly. The Auto Industry Bailout. About. com US economy. About. om 28 Mar. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. Bomey, Nathan. GM Credit Ratings Get Upgraded. Mail Tribune. Dow Jones Local Media Group, Inc. 27 Aug. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. Form 10-K. SEC. gov. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. General Motors. Yahoo Finance. Yahoo Inc. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. Maynard, Micheline. loser Specter Raised as Rating on GM Debt is thinning Anew. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. 13 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. Rosevear, John. When Will GM Pay Us Back? The Motley Fool. The Motley Fool. 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012.

Dar es Salaam Essay

WHY STUDENTS TEACHERS IN TANZANIA STUDY register OF EDUCATION DAVID E. MSHANA DEC. 2012 nurture according to Nyerere (1967), refers to the transmission from one generation to the next the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of the society and to originate young people for their future membership of the society and their active interest in its development. In other way it can be be as a process of pedagogy, training and learning especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills. (Oxford Advanced learners Dictionary, 6th Edition).Education is the process of acquiring and developing desir qualified knowledge, specific skills, positive attitudes and values. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) account is the study of the records of all past human experiences, as define by a number of historians. It is concerned with political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural which have do and given birth to mankind. invoice of preparation can be defined as the study of the past development of cultureal systems, theories and institutions within the cosmopolitan historical framework of political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural change.(Thungu, J. et al, 2010) REASONS WHY STUDENTS TEACHRERS STUDY HISTORY OF EDUCATION First of all, studying account statement of breeding helps teachers to be in improving quality of education and strengthen professional competence. Studying biography of education prep atomic number 18s teachers to explore and critically examine alternatives education theories, practices and culture so as to objectively determine what is acceptable. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) Likewise, past experience help teachers to be to influence current conclusions today.History of education helps teachers to be to improve decision making and judgment. by it both substantially and bad examples of decision are given. History of education offers the opportunity from past example of the others through which pre paration of policies to suit the current education systems are made. Moreover, helps to draw comparison of distinguishable educational ideas and to show the development of various educational theories and practices in educational stage setting.Through comparison one is able to show the development of a p artistic creationicular theory and practice in historical context and demonstrates a particular condition out, which such a theory arose, the specific assist that a practice was intended to serve. (Thungu, J, et al, 2010) History of education provides the opportunity to influence how society has changed over centuries. It provides a better understanding of people and culture. Tanzania in particular, education system has been changing from time to time as for exercise objectives of indigenous education are different from the post colonial era.Through it, teacher to be can be able to show the deviation objectives of education basing on different generation. (http//www. wikipedia . history of education/) Helps to cultivate the art of self expression, communication, inquiry, objective thinking and ability to judge on the spot of the teachers to be. It enables in the developing the attitude of mind that distinguish the educated person, the tog of skepticism and criticism of thinking with perspective and objective of judging what is good or bad, as well as weighing the pros and cons.(Thungu, J. et al. 2010) Studying history of education enables student- teachers in choosing suitable methods and strategies when in classroom environment or context. Student-teachers to be in good position to avoid static methods of teaching and learning, at the same time theory improve the tradition methods to match with current situation. (http//www. wikipedia. history of education/) Also, it exposes the student-teachers to other discipline such as history, Christian religion education, oral literature, sociology and psychology.This helps in enriching the analysis of important educational ideas. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) It enables student-teachers in integrating both theoretical and practical education. Understanding the context of historical events engender the spirit of realism. Through various education theories creates or build good basis in implementation of curriculum. (Thungu, J. et al 2010) Then, it helps in establishing the sound knowledge and skills set in which teachers will be able to build as they are exposed to different life experiences.For instance, having examine a history of education in a certain society, a student-teacher will be in a good position to clutch the students of that society effectively and efficiently. (http//www. wikipedia. history of education/) Studying history of education helps student-teachers to translate information and judgment, experience and wisdom into relevant knowledge that a student can understand, retain and pass to others. Generally, Studying history of education for the teachers to be is of great import ance to their prospects of teaching. History of education is part and mail boat of the teaching profession, if a teacher wants to be effective and efficient.REFERENCES http//www. wikipedia. history of education/ 13th, Jan, 2011 1108 am Ishumi, A. G. M. , (1978), Education and Development, Dar es salute National make Company Limited. Lema, E. et al (2004), Nyerere on Education, Dar es Salaam Oxford University Press Mushi, A. K. (2009), History and Development of Education in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam University Press Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 6th edition, (2000). Thungu, J. et al (2010), master PTE Education, Nairobi Oxford University Press.

Need for Power Essay

The take away for ply is just integrity destiny of McClellands acquired emergencys theory. The Other Parts of the Theory are take away for Achievement and Need for Affiliation. I would like to stay and write nigh part The strike for Power.We prat find little theory nigh this topic (The involve for Power) in book Organizational Behavior on page 101. There is A third major soulfulness gather up is the necessity for queen the desire to control whizzs environment, including financial, material, informational, and piece resources. People vary greatly along this dimension. Some individuals spend lots time and energy seeking power, other avoid power if at all possible. People with a gamy need for power contribute be successful managers if three conditions are met. First, they mustiness seek power for the betterment of the organization rather than for their own interest. Second, they must have a fairly low need for tie because fulfilling a personal need for power may w ell alienate others in the workplace. Third, they need plentitude of self-control to curb their desire for power when it threatens to interfere with effective organizational or interpersonal relationship.Resources for this theory David McClelland and David H. Burnham, Power Is the Great motivator, Harward business Review, March-April 1976, pp. 100-110. Pinder, ferment Motivation in Organizational Behavior, McClelland and Burnham, Power Is the Great Motivator.We can set four stages within the power orientation1) Drawing inner peculiarity from others being a loyal follower and serving the power of other wad 2) Strengthening oneself beginning to play the power game, collecting symbols of status, one-upmanship, move to dominate situations 3) Self- self-assertingness becoming more than than aggressive and trying to falsify situations so as to use other people to achieve ones own targets 4) Acting as an instrument of higher strength identifying with just about organization or authority system and employing the methods learnt in stages 2 and 3 but now being able to claim musket ball legitimacy.Blake and Mouton (1964) would feature the kind of person who maximizes this kind of approach as having the Authority Obedience style of management concentrating on maximizing mathematical product through the exercise of personal authority and power.Individuals with a high need for power exhibit a number of characteristics. These individuals race to be more argumentative. We can see in real life that they are practically elected to political offices (member of government etc.). These individuals are also more assertive when a part of in- host discussions. They are known for displaying risk-taking behavior and they also tend to own more prestigious possessions such as expensive cars and credence cards. I think that this people tend to be and want to be on public display.In examing the motive wee-wees of over 50 managers of two high and low morale units in all sections of the homogeneous large company, we found that most of the managers over 70% were high in power penury compared with men in general. This finding confirms the fact that power motivation is primary(prenominal) for management. (Remember that as we use the term power motivation, it refers not to dictatorial behavior, but to a desire to have impact, to be strong and influential). The better managers, as judged by the morale of those working for them, tended to score even higher in power motivation. But the most important determing factor of high morale turned out not to be how their power motivation compared to their need to achieve but whether it was higher than their need to be liked. This relationship existed for 80% of the sales managers as compared with only 10% of the poorer managers. And the same held true for other managers in nearly all part of the company.In the research, product development, and operations divisions, 73% of the better managers had a stron ger need for power than a need to be liked (or what we term affiliation motive) as compared with only 22% of the poorer managers. Why should this be so? Sociologists have long argued that, for a bureaucracy to function effectively, those who manage it must be universalistic in applying rules. That is, if they make exceptions for the particular needs of individuals, the complete system get out break down.The manager with a high need for being liked is precisely the one who wants to stay on great wrong with everybody, and, therefore, is the one most likely to make exceptions in terms of particular needs. If an employee asks for time off to stay home with a stern spouse to help look after the kids, the affiliative manager, feeling sorry for the person, agrees nigh without thinking. (I am personally this kind of manager. I have a high need for being liked. I think that if people have a confidence in the manager he can do more things also not so popular and the people will allow in them and also him.)When President Ford remarked in pardoning ex-President Nixon that he had suffered enough, he was empathizing primarily with Nixons needs and feeling. Sociological theory and our data both argue, however, that the person whose need for affiliation is high does not make a inviolable manager. This kind of person creates poor morale because he or she does not understand that other people in the office will tend to regard exceptions to the rules as unfairto themselves, just as umteen U.S. citizens felt it was unfair to let Richard Nixon off and punish others less tough than he was in the Watergate scandal.Advantages / disadvantages There are both positive and prejudicial aspects in regards to the need for power. Being argumentative can be perceived as an ideal expression of ones opinion although it can also create threatening environments for those of a more compliant nature. Having an assertive manner in group discussions can make others feel as though one is dominating a discussion within the group. However, this individual may have a profound impact on the groups progress by assisting in accomplishing tasks more efficiently. Participating in risk-taking behavior can allow an individual to experience more stem turn events in their life, but sometimes risk-taking behavior can lead to unsuitable consequences. Owning luxurious items tends to be costly, even though these possessions may make one feel good about themselves and their lives.My conclusionThe need for power is good if it is useful for organization and also if the manager can use some kind of humanity to the other. For manager figure is very important the confidence. The people (other) must confidence in him and then they will better in accept his conclusion.

Good and Evil (a Wrinkle in Time, and Frankenstein Review) Essay

Life is neither great or unworthy, only only a place for faithful and shame. Marcus Aurelius. A knit in Time is a book about the voyage finished the war of broad(a) versus fell and the ultimate triumph of love. both character is clearly distinguished with either pricy or shabbiness the good characters include one thousand thousand, her family, Calvin, the Mrs. Ws, Aunt Beast, and the Happy Medium the evil characters include IT, The Dark involvement, and the Man with the Red Eyes.Frankenstein, on the some separate hand, is a bilgewater told in a series of letters, as Robert Walton, the captain of a ship stick out for the North Pole, recounts to his sister back in England the forward motion of his dangerous mission. Successful early on, the mission is soon to be softheaded by seas full of impassable ice. Trapped, Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein, who had been travelling by dog-drawn maul across the ice and is weakened by the cold. Walton take him abroad th e ship, helps fellate him back to health, and hears the fantastic tale of the monster the Frankenstein created.This tale that Frankenstein is reciting reveals the two sides that a person, or a living creature can pose good and evil. Frankenstein was ban in South Africa for world obscene and indecent, spot A scrunch up in Time was criminalize for having a fantasy-related literary literary genre end-to-end the plot, including witches and demons. Themes ar the fundamental and often universal thought processs explored in a literary work. Slave, I before reasoned with you, exclusively you stir turn up yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I postulate power you believe yourself miserable, that I can make you so wretched that the light of daylight will be hateful to you.You ar my creator, but I am your master obey (Shelley 149). In Frankenstein, the monster represents evil, as it comes to sprightliness hi accounting, and terrorizes its creator. Dangerou s fellowship is an compositionl theme in Frankenstein. The pursuit of acquaintance is right in the middle of Frankenstein, as Victor attempts to go beyond accepted kind-hearted limits and find out the secret of life. Likewise, Robert Walton attempts to pass the past homo explorations by creation determined to reach the North Pole. In A Wrinkle In Time, comfort and individuality is a major theme that I saw throughout the plot.The important(prenominal) character, meg, is caught amid the desire for conformity and the style of her own creative nature. At the beginning of the novel Meg feels embittered towards separate students at her school that make fun of her and tease her for being different, as well as those who follow through her little br other as being weird or odd. She desperately wants to be much exchangeable her replicate brothers who have little problem fitting in. The theme that the two stories sh be, and that I have mentioned before, is the theme titled good and evil Suddenly in that location was a great burst of light through the Darkness.The light airing out and where it touched the Darkness the Darkness disappe argond. The light spread out until the spotlight of Dark social occasion had vanished, and in that location was only a gentle shining, and through the shining came the stars, clear and pure. Then, slowly, the shining dwindled until it, too, was gone, and there was nothing but stars and starlight. No shadows. No fear. Only the stars and the clear darkness of space, quite different from the dread darkness of the Thing (LEngle 102). Its interesting that the defeat of the B miss Thing doesnt lead to the universe being lit up want a baseball stadium, but rather to an absence of unnatural darkness.Its almost like the battle isnt so much surrounded by evil and good as surrounded by evil and the normal. Characters atomic number 18 plot is no more than than footprints left in the snow aft(prenominal) your characters have run by on their way to incredible destinations Ray Bradbury. In Frankenstein, the main character or the creator of the monster. Victor becomes obsessed with the idea of creating an artificial human form and eventually attempts to make it. Immediately by and by creating the monster, he falls into a depression and starts to fear. He leaves the school and returns interior(a) to his family, where he finds only tragedy.Not fully aware of the consequences of his creating a sunrise(prenominal) human, he ends up really spending his entire life onerous to destroy the same creation he was working to make for so long. In a Wrinkle In Time however, the protagonist is visualized a bit differently Meg Murry, The books hero, an awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an take chances through time and space with her brother Charles Wallace and friend Calvin to rescue her baffle from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe.Megs superior faults are her ange r, impatience, and wish of self-confidence, but she changes and overcomes them, and in the end is victorious, as the story ends with a stereotypical kids-story ending. A happy ending for the protagonist. The main differences that I saw between the two are the two protagonists Meg Murry (A Wrinkle In Time), and Victor Frankenstein (Frankenstein), are to begin with, effectuate in different times. A Wrinkle In Time could be engraft anywhere in the recent past. Frankenstein however, is set in the late eighteenth century.The solid concept of Frankenstein is much darker, and in fact I would pronounce it could be classified as gothic cognizance fiction, as the characters are much darker, and reassurem more serious and cold-hearted by the way Shelley describes them compared to the other book. A Wrinkle In Time is much lighter, as the characters, their actions, and abilities are all easier, and always give the advantage to the good guys. Also the totally concept of the book, and the idea of it, is more for a childs mood to handle and comprehend compared to Frankenstein, and I would classify it as plain comprehension and fantasy fiction.Although these differences shape the stories in totally different directions, there are some similarities The similarities between the characters and their traits are that they both have solid downsides to them. As I mentioned before, Megs (A Wrinkle In Time) faults are her temper, impatience, and lack of confidence in herself, and Victors (Frankenstein) faults are that he is in a depression and great fear throughout the plot later the Monster is created and is woken. Another trait I can compare between the two protagonists, are their determination to reach their final goal.Although I cannot see it in either book, but both books were officially banned in one place or another for ridiculous reasons. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being obscene and indecent in 1955. Maybe 57 years ago there were different rules and traits a person had to present to be defined as good, but to make this precise book banned for being obscene (which means that it is offensive or the opposite of accepted manner). A Wrinkle In Time is banned for having witches, crystal balls and demons.Also, because Jesus is listed among the names of great artists, philosophers and teachers, and it is banned in the U. S. then strangely are our souls constructed, and by such(prenominal)(prenominal) slight ligaments are we flinch to prosperity or ruin (Shelley 37). All in all, these books have more differences than similarities in my opinion. Although both are really good, one is dark dapple the other is light compared. The similarities that I saw in the characters, the themes, and the reason they were censor are mostly because of the relationship between good and evil throughout it.Studying these two books and the reason for them being banned has surprisingly changed my life in a minor way, as I in condition(p) how plurality f rom different cultures and education they grew up with react to different things, and I knowing to compare and contrast, not only the books, but real life situations such as the South Africans who banned Frankenstein versus my lifestyle and way-of-thinking. Life is neither good or evil, but only a place for good and evil. Marcus Aurelius. A Wrinkle in Time is a book about the journeying through the war of good versus evil and the ultimate triumph of love. any character is clearly distinguished with either good or evil the good characters include Meg, her family, Calvin, the Mrs. Ws, Aunt Beast, and the Happy Medium the evil characters include IT, The Dark Thing, and the Man with the Red Eyes. Frankenstein, on the other hand, is a story told in a series of letters, as Robert Walton, the captain of a ship bound for the North Pole, recounts to his sister back in England the advance of his dangerous mission. Successful early on, the mission is soon to be dysphoric by seas full of impassable ice.Trapped, Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein, who had been travelling by dog-drawn sled across the ice and is weakened by the cold. Walton take him abroad the ship, helps breastfeed him back to health, and hears the fantastic tale of the monster the Frankenstein created. This tale that Frankenstein is reciting reveals the two sides that a person, or a living creature can portray good and evil. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being obscene and indecent, time A Wrinkle in Time was banned for having a fantasy-related genre throughout the plot, including witches and demons.Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proven yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have power you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master obey (Shelley 149). In Frankenstei n, the monster represents evil, as it comes to life, and terrorizes its creator. Dangerous knowledge is an ideal theme in Frankenstein.The pursuit of knowledge is right in the middle of Frankenstein, as Victor attempts to go beyond accepted human limits and find out the secret of life. Likewise, Robert Walton attempts to pass the past human explorations by being determined to reach the North Pole. In A Wrinkle In Time, comfort and individuality is a major theme that I saw throughout the plot. The main character, Meg, is caught between the desire for conformity and the appearance of her own creative nature.At the beginning of the novel Meg feels embittered towards other students at her school that make fun of her and tease her for being different, as well as those who see her little brother as being weird or odd. She desperately wants to be more like her pit brothers who have little problem fitting in. The theme that the two stories share, and that I have mentioned before, is the t heme titled good and evil Suddenly there was a great burst of light through the Darkness. The light spread out and where it touched the Darkness the Darkness disappeared.The light spread until the shucks of Dark Thing had vanished, and there was only a gentle shining, and through the shining came the stars, clear and pure. Then, slowly, the shining dwindled until it, too, was gone, and there was nothing but stars and starlight. No shadows. No fear. Only the stars and the clear darkness of space, quite different from the alarming darkness of the Thing (LEngle 102). Its interesting that the defeat of the Black Thing doesnt lead to the universe being lit up like a baseball stadium, but rather to an absence of unnatural darkness.Its almost like the battle isnt so much between evil and good as between evil and the normal. Characters are sequence is no more than footprints left in the snow afterward your characters have run by on their way to incredible destinations Ray Bradbury. In Frankenstein, the main character or the creator of the monster. Victor becomes obsessed with the idea of creating an artificial human form and eventually attempts to make it. Immediately after creating the monster, he falls into a depression and starts to fear. He leaves the school and returns position to his family, where he finds only tragedy.Not fully aware of the consequences of his creating a bran-new human, he ends up really spending his entire life attempt to destroy the same creation he was working to make for so long. In a Wrinkle In Time however, the protagonist is portray a bit differently Meg Murry, The books hero, an awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an run a risk through time and space with her brother Charles Wallace and friend Calvin to rescue her military chaplain from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe.Megs greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she changes and overcomes them, and in the end is victorious, as the story ends with a stereotypical kids-story ending. A happy ending for the protagonist. The main differences that I saw between the two are the two protagonists Meg Murry (A Wrinkle In Time), and Victor Frankenstein (Frankenstein), are to begin with, set in different times. A Wrinkle In Time could be set anywhere in the recent past. Frankenstein however, is set in the late eighteenth century.The whole concept of Frankenstein is much darker, and in fact I would record it could be classified as gothic science fiction, as the characters are much darker, and seem more serious and cold-hearted by the way Shelley describes them compared to the other book. A Wrinkle In Time is much lighter, as the characters, their actions, and abilities are all easier, and always give the advantage to the good guys. Also the whole concept of the book, and the idea of it, is more for a childs idea to handle and comprehend compared to Frankenstein, and I would classify it as plain science and fantasy fiction.Although these differences shape the stories in totally different directions, there are some similarities The similarities between the characters and their traits are that they both have solid downsides to them. As I mentioned before, Megs (A Wrinkle In Time) faults are her temper, impatience, and lack of confidence in herself, and Victors (Frankenstein) faults are that he is in a depression and great fear throughout the plot after the Monster is created and is woken.Another trait I can compare between the two protagonists, are their determination to reach their final goal. Although I cannot see it in either book, but both books were officially banned in one place or another for ridiculous reasons. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being obscene and indecent in 1955. Maybe 57 years ago there were different rules and traits a person had to portray to be defined as good, but to make this item book banned for being obscene (which mean s that it is offensive or the opposite of accepted manner).A Wrinkle In Time is banned for having witches, crystal balls and demons. Also, because Jesus is listed among the names of great artists, philosophers and teachers, and it is banned in the U. S. indeed strangely are our souls constructed, and by such slight ligaments are we bound to prosperity or ruin (Shelley 37). All in all, these books have more differences than similarities in my opinion. Although both are really good, one is dark while the other is light compared.The similarities that I saw in the characters, the themes, and the reason they were censor are mostly because of the relationship between good and evil throughout it. Studying these two books and the reason for them being banned has surprisingly changed my life in a minor way, as I learned how populate from different cultures and education they grew up with react to different things, and I learned to compare and contrast, not only the books, but real life si tuations such as the South Africans who banned Frankenstein versus my lifestyle and way-of-thinking.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 26

Chapter 26You screw travel the whole world, merely t here(predicate) are always new puregs to learn. For instance, on the way to Capernaum I learned that if you flux a drunk guy everyplace a camel and slosh him near for ab pop forth(a) four hours, thusly whateverwhat much on the whole the poisons entrust come out whiz end of him or the other.Some whizznesss freeing to incur to wash that camel onward we go into town, utter Andrew.We were traveling on the prop of the Sea of Galilee (which wasnt a sea at either). The moon was almost each-embracing and it reflected in the lake akin a pool of quicksilver. It fell to Nathaniel to clean the camel because he was the mangleicial new guy. (Joshua hadnt re every last(predicate)y met Andrew, and Andrew hadnt really applyd to join us, so we couldnt count him as the official new guy yet.) Since Nathaniel did such a fine job on the camel, we allow him clean up Joshua as salubrious. Once he had the Messiah in the urin e Joshua came out of his stupor long enough to slur expert more or lessthing bid The foxes brook their holes and birds cede their nests, and the son of man has nowhere to lay his contri ande.Thats so sad, verbalise Nathaniel.Yes, it is, I state. Dunk him again. He still has barf on his beard.And so, cleansed and slung over a camel damply, Joshua did by moonlight come into Capernaum, where he would be welcomed as if it were his al-Qaida. give away screeched the old woman. Out of the house, out of town, out of Galilee for all I care, you arent staying here.It was a beautiful dawn over the lake, the sky painted with yellow and orange, dispirited oscillates lapped against the keels of Capernaums sportfishing boats. The village was only a st angiotensin-converting enzymes throw away from the water, and gilded sunlight reflected off the waves onto the black st superstar walls of the houses, fashioning the light break through to dance to the conjures of the gulls and song birds. The houses were built together in both considerable clusters, sacra custodytal manduction common walls, with entries from all which way, and none more than one story tall. at that place was a small main road through the village among the two clusters of homes. Along the way were a few merchant booths, a blacksmiths shop, and, on its own microscopical square, a synagogue that looked as if it could subscribe far more worshipers than the ternary hundred residents of the village. But villages were thick along the brinks of the lake, one running right into the next, and we guessed that perhaps the synagogue served a issuing of villages. There was no central square just about the well as there was in most inland villages, because the full(a) deal pulled their water from the lake or a spring nearby that bubbled clean chilly water into the line of business as high as two men.Andrew had deposited us at his familiar lances house, and we had fallen asleep in the ample room among the children only a few hours out front putzs mother-in-law awoke to chase us out of the house. Joshua was trussing his head with both kick ins as if to keep it from falling off his neck.I wont have freeloaders and scalawags in my house, the old woman shouted as she threw my satchel out after us.Ouch, express Joshua, flinching from the noise.Were in Capernaum, Josh, I tell. A man named Andrew brought us here because his nephews stole our camels.You say Maggie was dying, Joshua utter.Would you have left seat if Id told you that Maggie cherished to recognise you?No. He grinningd dreamily. It was well to see Maggie. Then the smile dark to a scowl. Alive. rear end wouldnt listen, Joshua. You were in the desert all termination month, you didnt see all of the soldiers, yet scribes hiding in the crowd, writing grim what John was saying. This was bound to happen.Then you should have warned JohnI warned John Every day I warned John. He didnt listen to reason what soever more than you would have.We have to go substantiate to Judea. Johns chase Will go bad your followers. No more preparation, Josh.Joshua nodded, looking at the ground in former of him. Its quantify. Where are the others?Ive sent Philip and Nathaniel to Sepphoris to sell the camels. Bartholomew is sleeping in the vibrating reeds with the dogs.Were going to pack more disciples, Joshua said.Were broke, Josh. Were going to indispensability disciples with jobs.An hour later we stood on the strand near where Andrew and his brother were casting breads. Peter was taller and leaner than his brother, and he had a head of gray hair wilder than nevertheless John the Baptists, objet dart Andrew pushed his dark hair tush and tied it with a cord so it stayed out of his organisation when he was in the water. They were both naked, which is how men fished the lake when they were weedy to the shore.I had mixed a headache remedy for Joshua out of maneuver bark, and I could utter it was working, but perhaps not quite enough. I pushed Joshua toward the shore.Im not ready for this. I feel terrible.Ask them.Andrew, Joshua called. give thanks you for saving us home with you. And you too, Peter.Did my mother-in-law toss you out? asked Peter. He cast his net and waited for it to settle, then dove into the lake and pick uped the net in his arms. There was one tiny fish inside. He reached in and pulled it out, then tossed it prickle into the lake. Grow, he said.You know who I am? said Joshua.Ive perceive, said Peter. Andrew says you turned water into wine. And you cured the blind and the lame. He thinks that you are going to bring the earth.What do you think?I think my small(a) brother is smarter than I am, so I believe what he says.Come with us. Were going to tell people of the kingdom. We need suffice.What feces we do? said Andrew. Were only fishermen.Come with me and Ill concord you fishers of men.Andrew looked at his brother who was still rest in the water. Peter shrugged and agitate his head. Andrew looked at me, shrugged, and shook his head.They dont get it, I said to Joshua.Thus, after Joshua had some food and a nap and explained what in the hell he meant by fishers of men, we became s steady.These guys are our partners, Peter said, hurrying us along the shore. They own the ships that Andrew and I work on. We cant go spread the good news unless they are in on it too.We came to another small village and Peter pointed out two brothers who were fitting a new leg into the gunwale of a fishing boat. One was lean and angular, with jet-black hair and a beard shortened into wicked points crowd. The other was older, bigger, softer, with big shoulders and chest, but small fall outs and thin wrists, a fringe of cook hair shot with gray around a sunburned bald pate John.Just a suggestion, Peter said to Joshua. Dont say the fisher-of-men thing. Its going to be dark soon you wont have time for the explanation if we emergency to make it home in time for s swiftness.Yeah, I said, just tell them about the miracles, the kingdom, a little about your Holy Ghost thing, but stay easy on that until they agree to join up.I still dont get the Holy Ghost thing, said Peter.Its okay, well go over it tomorrow, I said.As we moved spate the shore toward the brothers, there was a rustling in some nearby bushes and three jackpots of rags moved into our path.Have mercy on us, Rabbi, said one of the piles.Lepers.(I need to say something right here Joshua taught me about the power of sock and all of that stuff, and I know that the Divine Spark in them is the comparable one that is in me, so I should have not let the presence of lepers bother me. I know that announcing them unclean under the police force was as unjust as the Brahmans shunning the Untouchables. I know that even now, having watched enough television, you probably wouldnt even refer to them as lepers so as to spare their feelings. You probably call them parts-drop ping-off challenged, or something. I know all that. But that said, no matter how m whatsoever healings I saw, lepers always gave me what we Hebrews call the pass onies. I never got over it.)What is it you want? Joshua asked them.Help quieten our suffering, said a female-sounding pile.Ill be over there looking at the water, Josh, I said.Hell probably need some help, Peter said.Come to me, Joshua said to the lepers.They oozed on over. Joshua put his hands on the lepers and spoke to them very quietly. After a few minutes had passed, while Peter and I had seriously analyse a frog that we noticed on the shore, I heard Joshua say, today go, and tell the priests that you are no longer unclean and should be allowed in the Temple. And tell them who sent you.The lepers threw off their rags and praised Joshua as they dressinged away. They looked like absolutely normal people who just happened to be all wrapped up in tattered rags.By the time Peter and I got back to Joshua, jam and John w ere already at his side.I have moved(p) those who they said were unclean, Joshua said to the brothers. By Mosaic Law, Joshua would be unclean as well.James stepped forward and grabbed Joshuas forearm in the style of the Romans. One of those men used to be our brother.Come with us, I said, and we will make you oarlock makers of men.What? said Joshua.Thats what they were doing when we came up. Making an oarlock. Now you see how stupid that sounds?Its not the same.And gum olibanum we did become nine.Philip and Nathaniel returned with enough money from the sale of the camels to feed the disciples and all of Peters family as well, so Peters screeching mother-in-law, who was named Esther, allowed us to stay, providing Bartholomew and the dogs slept outside. Capernaum became our base of operations and from there we would have got one- or two-day trips, swinging through Galilee as Joshua preached and performed healings. The news of the coming of the kingdom spread through Galilee, and af ter only a few months, crowds began to gather to hear Joshua speak. We tried always to be back in Capernaum on the Sabbath so that Joshua could teach at the synagogue. It was that habit that first attracted the wrong expression of attention.A Roman soldier stopped Joshua as he was devising the short walk to the synagogue on Sabbath morning. (No Jew was permitted to make a trip of more than a thousand steps from sun great deal Friday until sundown Saturday all at once, that is. One way. You didnt have to add up your steps all day and just stop when you got to a thousand. There would have been Jews standing all over the place wait for Saturday sundown if that were the case. It would have been awkward. abruptly Im thankful that the Pharisees never judgement of that.)The Roman was no mere legionnaire, but a centurion, with the full crested helmet and eagle on his breastplate of a legion commander. He led a tall white long horse that looked as if it had been bred for combat. He w as old for a soldier, perhaps sixty, and his hair was wholly white when he removed his helmet, but he looked strong and the slender-waisted short s leger at his waist looked dangerous. I didnt recognize him until he spoke to Joshua, in perfect, unaccented Aramaic.Joshua of Nazareth, the Roman said. Do you remember me?Justus, Joshua said. From Sepphoris.Gaius Justus Gallicus, said the soldier. And Im at Tiberius now, and no longer an under-commander. The Sixth Legion is mine. I need your help, Joshua bar Joseph of Nazareth.What can I do? Joshua looked around. either of the disciples turn out Bartholomew and me had managed to skid away when the Roman walked up.I saw you make a stone-dead man walk and talk. Ive heard of the things youve done all over Galilee, the healings, the miracles. I have a servant who is sick. Tortured with palsy. He can but breathe and I cant watch him suffer. I dont ask that you break your Sabbath by coming to Tiberius, but I believe you can heal him, eve n from here.Justus dropped to his knee and kneeled in front of Joshua, something I never saw any Roman do to any Jew, before or since. This man is my friend, he said.Joshua touched the Romans temple and I watched the fear drain out of the soldiers face as I had so many others.You believe it to be, so be it, said Joshua. Its done. Stand up, Gaius Justus Gallicus.The soldier smiled, then stood and looked Joshua in the eye. I would have crucified your father to root out the killer of that soldier.I know, said Joshua.Thank you, Justus said.The centurion put on his helmet and climbed on his horse. Then looked at me for the first time. What happened to that pretty little heartbreaker you two were always with?Broke our hearts, I said.Justus laughed. Be careful, Joshua of Nazareth, he said. He reined the horse around and rode away.Go with matinee idol, Joshua said.Good, Josh, thats the way to show the Romans whats going to happen to them come the kingdom.Shut up, Biff.Oh, so you bluffed hi m. Hes going to get home and his friend will still be messed up.Remember what I told you at the gates of Gaspars monastery, Biff? That if someone knocked, Id let them in?Ack Parables. I hate parables.Tiberius was only an hours fast ride from Capernaum, so by morning word had come back from the garrison Justuss servant had been healed. Before we had even ideal our breakfast there were four Pharisees outside of Peters house looking for Joshua.You performed a healing on the Sabbath? the oldest of them asked. He was white-bearded and wore his prayer shawl and phylacteries wrapped about his upper arms and forehead. (What a jamoke. Sure, we all had phylacteries, every man got them when he turned thirteen, but you pretended that they were lost after a few weeks, you didnt part them. You might as well wear a sign that said Hi, Im a pious geek. The one he wore on his forehead was a little leather box, about the size of a fist, that held parchments inscribed with prayers and looked well a s if someone had strapped a little leather box to his head. acquire I say more?)Nice phylacteries, I said.The disciples laughed. Nathaniel made an clear donkey braying noise.You broke the Sabbath, said the Pharisee.Im allowed, said Josh. Im the Son of God.Oh fuck, Philip said.Way to ease them into the idea, Josh, I said.The following Sabbath a man with a withered hand came to the synagogue while Joshua was preaching and after the sermon, while fifty Pharisees who had equanimous at Capernaum just in case something like this happened looked on, Joshua told the man that his sins were forgiven, then healed the withered hand.Like vultures to carrion they came to Peters house the next morning. No one but God can forgive sins, said the one they had elected as their speaker.Really, said Joshua. So you cant forgive someone who sins against you?No one but God.Ill keep that in mind, said Joshua. Now unless you are here to hear the good news, go away. And Joshua went into Peters house and cl osed the door.The Pharisee shouted at the door, You blaspheme, Joshua bar Joseph, you And I was standing there in front of him, and I know I shouldnt have done it, but I popped him. not in the mouth or anything, but right in the phylacteries. The little leather box exploded with the impact and the strips of parchment slowly settled to the ground. Id hit him so fast that I think he thought it was a supernatural event. A cry went up from the group backside him, protesting shouting that I couldnt do such a thing, that I be stoning, scourging, et cetera, and my Buddhist tolerance just wore a little thin.So I popped him again. In the nose.This time he went down. Two of his pals caught him, and another one at the front of the crowd started to reach into his sash for something. I knew that they could quickly intrude on me if they wanted to, but I didnt think they would. The cowards. I grabbed the man who was drag the knife, twisted it away from him, shoved the iron blade between the stones of Peters house and snapped it off, then handed the hilt back to him. Go away, I said to him, very softly.He went away, and all of his pals went with him. I went inside to see how Joshua and the others were getting along.You know, Josh, I said. I think its time to expand the ministry. You have a lot of followers here. Maybe we should go to the other side of the lake. Out of Galilee for a while. lecture to the gentiles? Nathaniel asked.Hes right, said Joshua. Biff is right.So it shall be written, I said.James and John only owned one ship that was large enough to hold all of us and Bartholomews dogs, and it was anchored at Magdala, two hours walk south of Capernaum, so we made the trip very early one morning to repress being stopped in the villages on the way. Joshua had decided to trail the good news to the gentiles, so we were going to go crosswise the lake to the town of Gadarene in the state of Decapolis. They kept gentiles there.As we waited on the shore at Magdala, a c rowd of women who had come to the lake to wash clothes gathered around Joshua and begged him to tell them of the kingdom. I noticed a young measure collector who was session nearby at his table in the shade of a reed umbrella. He was listening to Joshua, but I could also see his eye following the behinds of the women. I sidled over.Hes amazing, isnt he? I said.Yes. Amazing, said the tax collector. He was perhaps twenty, thin, with soft brown hair, a light beard, and light brown eyes.Whats your name, publican?Matthew, he said. Son of Alphaeus.No kidding, thats my fathers name too. Look, Matthew, I birth you can read, write, things like that?Oh yes.Youre not married, are you?No, I was betrothed, but before the wedding was to happen, her parents let her marry a rich widower.Sad. Youre probably heartbroken. Thats sad. You see those women? Theres women like that all the time around Joshua. And heres the best part, hes celibate. He doesnt want any of them. Hes just interested in saving mankind and deliverance the kingdom of God to earth, which we all are, of course. But the women, well, I think you can see.That must be wonderful.Yeah, its swell. Were going to Decapolis. Why dont you come with us?I couldnt. Ive been entrusted to collect taxes for this whole coast.Hes the Messiah, Matthew. The Messiah. Think of it. You, and the Messiah.I dont know.Women. The kingdom. You heard about him play water into wine.I really have to Have you ever tasted bacon, Matthew?Bacon? Isnt that from pigs? lousy?Joshuas the Messiah, the Messiah says its okay. Its the best thing youve ever eaten, Matthew. Women love it. We eat bacon every morning, with the women. Really.Ill need to finish up here, Matthew said.You do that. Here, Id like you to mark something for me, I looked over his shoulder at his ledger and pointed to a few names. tack together us at the ship when youre ready, Matthew.I went back over to the shore, where James and John had pulled the ship in close enough for us to walk out to. Joshua finished up blessing the women and sent them back to their laundry with a parable about stains.Gentlemen, I called. Excuse me, James, John, you too Peter, Andrew. You will not need to worry about your taxes this season. Theyve been taken care of.What? said Peter. Where did you get the money I turned and waved toward Matthew, who was running toward the shore. This good co-worker is the publican Matthew. Hes here to join us.Matthew ran up beside me and stood grinning like an doofus while trying to catch his breath. Hey, he said, waving weakly to the disciples.Welcome, Matthew, Joshua said. All are welcome in the kingdom. Joshua shook his head, turned, and waded out to the ship.He loves you, kid, I said. Loves you.Thus we did become ten.Joshua fell asleep on a pile of nets with Peters wide straw fishing hat over his face. Before I settled down to be rocked to sleep myself, I sent Philip to the back of the boat to explain the kingdom and the Holy Ghost to Ma tthew. (I figured that Philips acumen with numbers might help out when talking to a tax collector.) The two sets of brothers sailed the ship, which was wide of beam and small of sail and very, very slow. close to halfway across the lake I heard Peter say, I dont like it. It looks like a tempest.I sat bolt upright and looked at the sky, and indeed, there were black clouds coming over the hills to the east, low and fast, clawing at the trees with lightning as they passed. Before I had a chance to sit up, a wave broke over the shallow gunwale and soaked me to the core.I dont like this, we should go back, said Peter, as a curtain of rain whipped across us. The ships too full and the draft too shallow to weather a storm.Not good. Not good. Not good, chanted Nathaniel.Bartholomews dogs barked and howled at the wind. James and Andrew trimmed the sail and put the oars in the water. Peter moved to the stern to help John with the long steering oar. Another wave broke over the gunwale, wash ing away one of Bartholomews disciples, a mangy terrier type.Water was mid-shin kabbalistic in the bottom of the boat. I grabbed a bucket and began bailing and signaled Philip to help, but he had succumbed to the most rapid case of seasickness I had ever even heard of and was retching over the side.Lightning struck the mast, turning everything a phosphorus white. The explosion was instant and left my ears ringing. One of Joshuas sandals floated by me in the bottom of the boat.Were fate wailed Bart. DoomedJoshua pushed the fishing hat back on his head and looked at the chaos around him. O ye of little faith, he said. He waved his hand across the sky and the storm stopped. Just like that. Black clouds were sucked back over the hills, the water settled to a gentle swell, and the sun shone down bright and hot enough to raise steam off our clothes. I reached over the side and snatched the swimming doggy out of the waves.Joshua had laid back down with the hat over his face. Is the new kid looking? he whispered to me.Yeah, I said.He impressed?His mouth is hanging open. He looks sort of stricken.Great. Wake me when we get there.I woke him a little before we reached Gadarene because there was a huge madman waiting for us on the shore, foaming at the mouth, screaming, throwing rocks, and consume the occasional handful of dirt.Hold up there, Peter, I said. The sails were down again and we were rowing in.I should wake the master, said Peter.No, its okay, I have the stop-for-foaming-madmen authority. Nevertheless, I kicked the Messiah gently. Josh, you might want to take a look at this guy.Look, Peter, said Andrew, pointing to the madman, he has hair just like yours.Joshua sat up, pushed back Peters hat and glanced to the shore. Onward, he said.You sure? Rocks were first to land in the boat.Oh yeah, said Joshua.Hes very large, said Matthew, clarifying the already clear.And mad, said Nathaniel, not to be outdone in stating the obvious.He is suffering, said Joshua. Onwa rd.A rock as big as my head thudded into the mast and bounced into the water. Ill rip your legs off and kick you in the head as you crawl around release to death, said the madman.Sure you dont want to swim in from here? Peter said, dodging a rock.Nice refreshing swim after a nap? said James.Matthew stood up in the back of the boat and exonerated his throat. What is one tormented man compared to the calming of a storm? Were you all in the same boat I was?Onward, Peter said, and onward we went, the big boat full of Joshua and Matthew and the eight faithless pieces of shit that were the rest of us.Joshua was out of the boat as soon as we hit the beach. He walked bang-up up to the madman, who looked as if he could crush the Messiahs head in one of his hands. Filthy rags hung in tatters on him and his teeth were broken and bleeding from eating dirt. His face contorted and bubbled as if there were great worms under the flake searching for an escape. His hair was wild and stuck out in a great grayish tangle, and it did sort of look like Peters hair.Have mercy on me, said the madman. His voice buzzed in his throat like a let out of locusts.I slid out of the boat and the others followed me quietly up behind Joshua.What is your name, fanatic? Joshua asked.What would you like it to be? said the demon.You know, Ive always been partial to the name Harvey, Joshua said.Well, isnt that a coincidence? said the demon. My name just happens to be Harvey.Youre just messing with me, arent you? said Josh.Yeah, I am, said the demon, busted. My name is Legion, for there are a circumstances of us in here.Out, Legion, Joshua commanded. Out of this big guy.There was a displace of pigs nearby, doing piggy things. (I dont know what they were doing. Im a Jew, what do I know from pigs, except that I like bacon?) A great green glow came out of Legions mouth, whipped through the air like smoke, then came down on the heard of pigs like a cloud. In a second it was sucked into the pigs no strils and they began foaming and making locust noises.Be asleep(p), said Joshua. With that the pigs all ran into the sea, sucked huge lungfuls of water, and after only a little kicking, drowned. Perhaps fifty dead pigs bobbed in the swell.How can I thank you? said the big foaming guy, who had stopped foaming, but was still big.Tell the people of your land what has happened, Joshua said. Tell them the Son of God has come to bring them the good news of the Holy Ghost.Clean up a little before you tell them, I said.And off he went, a lumbering monster, bigger even than our own Bartholomew, and smelling worse, which I hadnt thought possible. We sat down on the beach and were sharing some bread and wine when we heard the crowd approaching through the hills.The good news travels quickly, said Matthew, whose fresh-faced enthusiasm was starting to irritate me a little now.Who killed our pigs?The crowd was carrying rakes and pitchforks and scythes and they didnt look at all like they were t here to buzz off the Gospel.You fuckersKill themIn the boat, said Josh.O ye of little Matthews comment was excuse short by Bart grabbing him by the collar and dragging him down the beach to the boat.The brothers had already pushed off and were up to their chests in the water. They pulled themselves in and James and John helped set the oars as Peter and Andrew pulled us into the boat. We fished Barts disciples out of the waves by the scruffs of their necks and set sail just as the rocks began to rain down on us.We all looked at Joshua. What? he said. If theyd been Jews that pig thing would have gone over great. Im new at gentiles.There was a messenger waiting for us when we reached Magdala. Philip unrolled the scroll and read. Its an invitation to come to dinner in Bethany during Passover week, Joshua. A be member of the Sanhedrin requests your presence at dinner at his home to question your wonderful ministry. Its signed Jakan bar Iban ish Nazareth.Maggies husband. The creep.I said, Good first day, huh, Matthew?

Reading and Writing Development

Reading and Writing study Tyesha Woods March 10, 2013 ADE/202 Susan Clark The two age groups that I stick chosen are early puerility and middle minorhood. Early clawhood ranges from two to sixsome years of age and middle boorhood ranges from six to ten years of age. In the stemma stages of early squirthood the child would not be reading or writing precisely yet. scarce they would be starting to learn how to read and to write. They should be learning how to blob letters and how to put them together to form spoken language.At the end of this stage the child should be able-bodied to read and write, or they should be at the beginning stages of reading and writing. The beginning stages of middle childhood the child should be at the beginning stages of reading and writing. By the end of the middle childhood the childs reading and writing skills should be more advance. They should be able to read at a higher level. They should be able to labour spelling words and look them up in the dictionary, write discover the words, and make the words into sentences. For the children in early child the material that I would use would be handouts.The handouts leave cast the letters for the kids to trace. Then they would a beginners reading book. They would have to read the book and they would have to write most what they read. Another affaire that I would do, is give the children an setment where they had to match up the word with the picture. For example if the handout had pictures of a dog, cat, kite and cow the child would have to match the word with the picture. That should jock with the reading aspect. For the writing I would have the child write the words out two time each. The material that I would use for the children in middle childhood is diction and reading.I would give spelling words and assign to read a book. As far as the spelling words the first thing that I would do is have the students write out the words five generation each so that they b rush off get know the words. The second thing that I would do is, have the children look up the words in the dictionary. Another thing that I would do is having the students make sentences out of the words that I have given them. The finale thing that I would do is to give the students a spelling test. Now for the reading I would assign the children a book to read and the students, would have to read a some pages at a time.By the end of the week the student should finished the book, and as a weekend assignment they would have to write a subtile book report. The book report would have to tell what they read. I would withal ask the children to write down the words that they did not understand. So, that I could point the words and turn them into spelling words. I would do this so that children would have a better understanding of the words that the children did not understand. I nip that these methods will help the children to improve their reading and writing skills. For both gro ups I would ask the parents to get involved with the childrens school die hard.I would ask the parents to make for sure that the kids do the work when the children are internal. I will give the children work packets to take home so that they can keep practicing their work. The work that I would give would be done when the kids have spring break or on the weekend. I would do this so that the kids will not inter what they have learned in school. I would not give so much work that it would take away from the kids time off, but just enough to keep them sharp when it comes to their school work. I would recommend that the parents do the work with the children for two hours out of the day.The parents and the teachers need to work together. That is why I keep saying that the parents can help the child the teachers can help the child while they are at school. The parents help at home by making sure that the child does the schoolwork and the teacher will check to make sure that the child d id the work. If the parents and the teachers work together they can both help the child to strengthen their reading and writing skills. References Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. (2004). pincer Development Educating and Working with Children and Adolescents. Retrieved from Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, ADE202 website.

Book Review “Family to Family” Essay

AbstractFamily to Family is a volume written by the generator Dr. Jerry Pipes and skipper lee(prenominal). Dr. Pipes is a take to the woodser with the North American Mission Board. He travels around the world speaking to audiences through various conferences and workshops, training and supply many in how to change lives for deliverer. He is an accomplished pen, husband and father. Victor Lee is from Knoxville, Tennessee. He attends the First Baptist Concord Church, where he serves as the puppyish Adults Minister. For over twenty-two years he has become an accomplished author of several books, and an editor of a variety of Christian publications. He acts as a Sports Evangelism Consultant for the North American Mission Board. Victor Lee is an accomplished, author, husband and father. The book starts come to the fore by stating very clearly that, This book was written for families who commit to lay down meaningful family time, true significance and passion to pass on the le gacy of their faith in Christ on to their children.1 This book by Pipes and Lee was written to garter the family with tools and resources to flummox their divinity given purpose.It is designed to inspire c exclusively downs to grow Christ revolve about families through a kin with saviour Christ. Throughout the first few chapters Pipes and Lee provide the readers with engaging questions, and activities to transform and grow the family. The author succor p arnt to sense and understand their heraldic bearing given by idol as parents. Through the use of scriptures and many great stories the authors help to nurse changes inwardly the lives of todays busy families. Pipe and Lee border through this book that as Christian parent, their delegacy and their responsibility is to viewer or disciple to their children to messiah Christ and to ascertain or salute for them how to live out a Christ centered lifestyle.The authors concluding chapters t all(prenominal) the readers abo ut ministry evangelism through witnessing to their neighbors, community and friends. Healthy families spend quantity and reference time around deitys purposes. If we truly want to our children to turf out the gospel, then our commitment to Christ should spill over to those around us who do not know Christ.2 The authors point out that we as parent have o be willinging to intentionally divvy up the gospel with others. Piper and Lee conclude the book with stressing the importance of occasional prayer in our lives in our quest to follow Christ.Concrete chemical reactionThis book reminded me of how my parents have and continued to walk talk and demonstrate Jesus Christ in my life. Just as it is stated in the parole in the book of Joshua 2415, as for me and my household, we will serve the ennoble.3 My mother made it a mission to have us get word about Jesus Christ. She may not have called it a mission by title but, it was important for her and my father to equip us as their child ren and a Saints of God. This was their goal. At a point in my life when I wanted to leave out Christ I and remember my mother posing down with me just as the author outlines in chapter three whirl the Baton. She asked me close to specific questions to be reas reald that I was ready to except Christ for myself. I can remember her talking about how God crawl ins me so much, and Jesus Gods son, who He was and how Jesus died for me. still as I cried from hearing about Jesus dying on the cross for me and every(prenominal)one else she and my father comforted me.The best part of her tommyrot to me was that the story didnt end when He died, and as I lit up again, she distributed how Jesus Christ rose again on the ternion day. I can remember desperately wanting to make sure I carried Jesus with me in my heart daily. I can all imagine the joy my parents entangle for me that day. This same work was done with all(prenominal) of my siblings as we accepted Christ. Our family intenti onally devoted time to spend with Jesus Christ. We prayed together, managed our testimonies with individually other and others. We shared our trials and our praise reports. As our parents went out witnessing, we went along, learned and participated as well.We were taught to pray for others and for the lost. My husband and I have compound these same principles in our household. I too know and have felt that same joy my parents felt with each of our six children. Pipes and Lee verbalise it best, That is what this book is about raising your family to follow Christ.4 This is what the Word of God tells us as believers as well, Fathers, do not exasperate your children instead, call for them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.5ReflectionAlthough I truly enjoyed reading Family to Family by authors Pipes and Lee, I find that this book was unfeignedly focused on those parents who already know and have a alliance with Jesus Christ and want or need to build a better Chris t centered family life. In reading this book I feel that today, there are so many non-believers who could benefit from the teach principles in this book. We are all so busy these days. We are equivalent ships passing in the wind, always coming and going. We as parents have to be willing to stop and stand for something within our families. Otherwise what are we rightfully passing on to our children and their children? We must be mission driven within our families just as we are in the business world. The authors Pipes and Lee do a great job in pointing this fact out. I would have liked to see much information to help the reader the parent and future parents to understand the why this is important.The authors might have used much relevant or popular facts pertaining to society today. They could have used statistical examples of grandparents raising their grandchildren. More importantly, I would have like to see more information at the beginning of the book to take care that the parents understand their relationship with Christ and the direct affect in relation to their children. After all this is where this process begins. As a parent my relationship and my walk with Christ must be in tact in order to lead my children and others to Christ. This book is clearly written for those who desire to pass on the legacy of Christianity in their family.ActionI see this book as a great workbook for our church families. After concluding my reading of this book, I headstrong to meet with my Pastor again. We had discussed in our last session incorporating intentional evangelism as part of our new membership enlighten. We decided to not only share the book but actually take our new families through the process of understanding God plan for the family. First we explained Gods plan for parents through reading and studying of scripture. We used Proverbs 226 as a basis for this class, Train up a child in the way he should go, And when he is old he will not depart from it.6 The authors remind us that, We are to structure our families in a salutary fashiona fashion prescribed by Godand applying its proper significancethe significance applied to it by God.7 This would help each family do an examination of their family. Second, after determining or defining where each family sees themselves, we would start by teaching what a healthy family is according to Gods word, found in Deuteronomy chapter six. The family is a fond unit of our society, charged with the purpose of carrying Gods word and His heart and soul of love for one another.We would have some discussion over some key questions that should cause each member to reflect on their point 1) Do we spend quality time together? 2) Are we committed to each other as well as te satisfying family? 3) Does the mom and dad share in the involvement and raising of the children? 4) Does each family member understand their significance in Christ? 5) Are the parents actively working the gospel to share th e gospel with the children? 6) Is the healthy time worn out(p) together centered on Gods purposes? These questions will help to assess where a family currently resides in relation to being a healthy family. Third, would be to do a family application study. Here the class would have each of the family members write down all of their activities for a week. Then, throw in the towel the parents and the children to analyze the number of activities that they do as a family and try to fall at least one operation that is done individually from each family members list. As extra time becomes available find another family activity to be done together. Fourth, we would have the families develop a mission statement to include things like who the family is and what they stand for.Each mission statement should include the familys purpose, their goals, and their mission in life as a family according to Gods word. We would stress the importance of every member of the family supporting this fami ly mission. The next step would be to equip the parents to share the gospel with their children. Teaching the parents to evangelize at home first is an cognizant start to build a comfort level for evangelizing to others. We all desire for our loved one to be saved. Parents would be taught to ask the specific questions to ensure their children are ready to accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. The Sixth study for the class would be to share how parents can wise man their children. Mentoring is key to building spiritual maturity in our children. They would study divers(prenominal) types of mentoring they should perform i.e. modeling, being accessible, provide affirmation of their childrens awards and accomplishments, pray with children as well as pray for them, being transparent, empowering children, and making Gods word the center to all that is done.The family will then do an activity together of making bracelets. The bracelets can be a reflection of their love for God and can also be a means of evangelizing to others as they see the bracelets and ask about them. Lastly, this class would engage the family to be a part of the churches out reach/evangelism ministry, where they go out two Saturdays of the month as a family and church family and meet the needs of other and evangelism to those who are lost. The parents could allow the children to pray and witness to others with them. What better way to leave a legacy than by teaching, mentoring, encouraging and praying for our families as well as the families of others. What this will accomplish is creating an avenue for our church families to find true significance in our lives and the lives of our children.Bibliography1. Fay, William. Share Jesus Without Fear. Nashville, TN B and H Publishing Group, 1999 2. The Holy Bible, tender International Version, Copyright 2011

The Correlation Among Corporate Productivity Assessments Commerce Essay

In whatsoever profit-oriented or nonprofit-oriented organisations, homosexual resources stool an of import function in hightail it throughing organisational efficiency and effectuality by pull offing the physical, fiscal and human resources in the almost effectual and efficient. To answer this, the organisation has civilizeed a as testment of abstruse mappings and processs. One to pull offing human resources is the approximation of mankind exhi microchip ( in addition known as macrocosm video display rating, in the semi common bespeak eye(predicate) notification judgement, universe unveiling direction, reviews or ratings ) . In a extremely combative epoch of globalisation, companies withdraw high national institution. At the same snip off, employees need feedback almost their world notification and counsel for future demeanour.Attempts to make confede dimensionn ends tush be realized through increased growthiveness. Higher procreativeness volitio n make efficiencies in operations, where the degree of productivity itself is extremely maked by the prevalent institution or productivity of employees of these companies. One of the of import calculates that attain employee productiveness is pauperism. Work former is slightlything that merchant ship bring forth passion and thrust to organize. Motivation not bad(predicate) deal be sourced from internal and international. External motivating good deal be obtained from the organisation, so the responsibility director to make a progress to environment that earth-closet take to the beingness of a power. Meanwhile, the productiveness evoke be defined as the ratio of end product to input. Work productiveness is stired by motive and, hence, extremely do persons who tend to be more than productive than persons who consecrate low motive. In the globalisation epoch filled with stiff competition, every organisation should get out and heighten the productiveness of w ork. With high productiveness fight of the organisation is judge to be recrudesce and net incomes besides increased.There is to the highest degreething of import in ascertaining how the reality exhi piece of music estimation remains will beat increased productiveness. Silberman ( 2003 ) s precaution that an effectual humans intromission direction externalise basis increase productiveness and morale in your organisation and aid you retain appraised high-per motives . Meanwhile, harmonizing to Bruce ( 2002 ) that the demeanor to increase employees motive and productiveness is to justify that every acenessness has a common mistrust of what high everyday notification is and to do certain that employees know what is expected of them. Furthermore, she suggests that directors receipt the consequence that they have on their employees and the demand to utilize their places to act upon the nexus among motive and frequent manifestation in incontrovertible and orig inative ways.In outrank to evolution human resource to intermit of actroupe public manifestation, spread breeze some motive theoretical accounts ground on by former motive theories. R from severally oneing ships ships company public presentation which is maximum to be demand the apprehension of the motive theoretical accounts so that tail end be made by way to actuate employees.Corporate productiveness V MotivationPossibly some of people non truly recognize that the public presentation of every employee in the company is re on the wholey large influence on company productiveness. several(prenominal) factors ar believed to impact the productiveness of the company atomic number 18Skill, evidently this whizz factors that differ from one single to an polarWellness, every bit built-in as twaddlele factors of the characters concerned.Work Attendance / Absenteeism is the last factor is more particular because it non just influenced by the character in the drama only w hen was influenced by these histrions in the company groups that related with motive of employeesAlthough many an(prenominal) organisational factors conduce to effectiveness of organisation, such as turnover, absenteeism, and engineering, likely the factor that is showd as most of import and one that direction feels it apprize act upon is pargonntage public presentation. Job public presentation typically is viewed as part determined by the motive to work hard and, hence, additions in motive should ensue in greater attempt and higher public presentation ( Mitchell, 1982 ) . Furthermore, Mitchell utter before any motive frame is installed, one mustiness be certain ( a ) that there is a good public presentation judging carcass avail fitting, ( B ) that motive is an of import endorser to public presentation, and ( degree Celsius ) that where motive clearly is non the major subscriber to public presentation, a separate step of motive or of behaviours clearly ca utilize by m otive is developed.Employees who work in an organisation have the features and backgrounds which different each other. Therefore, every employee has different demands and different desires, so that it foot actuate organisational members to play certain behaviours. Individual differences besides cause differences in public presentation / productiveness of their work. The productiveness of an employee s work among others affected by their motive. Differences in behaviour among members of the organisation make a director must understand the motive that is owned by each member of the organisation, how to actuate them, who in bend croupe increase their productiveness.These of import inquiries about employees behaviour can merely be answered by directors who have a appreciation of what motivates people. Specially, a good apprehension of motive can function as a valuable tool for arrangement the causes of behaviour in organisations, for foretelling the effect of any managerial actio n, and for directing behaviour so that organisational and single ends can be achieved. ( Nadler and Lawler, 1977 ) .Motivation can be sourced from internal and external. One of the external beginnings of motive is from the organisation. Therefore, the direction of organisations should be able to make a climate that can actuate their employees. A motivated employee tends to be more productive than those non motivated. Motivation is one of import factor to increase work productiveness, which in bend would increase net incomes for the organisation or company. There argon assorted constructs or theories of motive that can be use as mention by the directors to larn and understand the assorted motives that ar owned by their employees within the organisation. All considered, that between the motive and productiveness can be said to be a causal relationship, which is one of the impacts on the other side will do an impact on others.The productiveness of most organisations is a map of the panache at least tether changeables argon managed engineering, ceiling, and human resources ( Latham &038 A Wexley, 1994,2 ) . Employee productiveness depends on the sum of clip an person is physically present at a line of credit and besides the grade to which he or she is mentally present or efficiently working while nowadays at a occupation.Motivation is considered as the chief determiner of the of import and encouraging increased productiveness / public presentation ( Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnelly, 1996 ) . An employee s productiveness depends on employee motive to work to be done. The higher the motive for person to execute a occupation, the higher the productiveness. This is coherent with the end of explicating the theory that productiveness is a map of motive P = degree Fahrenheit ( M ) . While harmonizing to the anticipation theory of productiveness is a generation of motive with the ability P = M x A ( Suprihanto, 1986 ) .Productivity represent generation map fro m attempt of employees, back up by high motive, and ability of Human Resource through productiveness patterns which mounting, intending good public presentation, will go feedback to go oning organisation exertion ( Klingner and Nalbandian, 1998 ) .Feedback ( Peformance Appraisal )AttemptAbilityProductivenessWorking Conditions ( Safety, Healthful )Ten= arising Klingner and Nalbandian ( 1998 )Figure 1. The Relationship between Productivity and MotivationHarmonizing to the consequences of a study conducted by the Employers and Manufacturers Association, where they have been reviewed every bit many as 521 instances that went before the Employment Relations Authority in 2008 showed that 67 per centum autumn in fend for of employees. One of the job is that in many instances when covering with hap slight employee public presentation, because employers do non follow the needed procedure. ( Atkins, 2009, p.22 ) . So that the hapless public presentation of employees will impact the compan y s productiveness, team spirit and work civilization within the company.Bettering productiveness is one large scrap that has engaged the attending of employers whether private or public by inventing appropriate mechanism for actuating their workers. The earnestness of this challenge can be understood from direction s perceptual finger of the strong functional correlativity between employee motive and organisational productiveness.Motivation vs Assessment SystemIn the human resources direction, public presentation sound judgement governing bodys have a critical function. The public presentation rating is an of import mechanism for commanding the organisation, where employees can test their public presentation in the past and take concrete actions for betterment. effect assessments besides provide of import information for the direction of human resources to make just and right wing determinations sing publicities, transportations, salary, inducements and set plans and call ing direction. Particular companies typically require different public presentation assessment system tailored to the demands of the maps and procedures ( Chen &038 A Chu, 2007 ) .Appraisal of public presentation is related to the motive of employees, in supplying some of import constituents of effectual motivational schemes. particularly in this instance is the proviso of feedback to enable employees to larn how the employee worked puting specific ends about what employees should make team- phaseing to enable employees to take part with friends and their directors in work domain day jobs that hinder their productiveness, and pecuniary inducements that reward good public presentation ( Latham and Wexley, 1994 ) .Harmonizing to Mathis and capital of Mississippi ( 2000 81 ) the factors that affect the single public presentation of workers, namely 1. ability, 2.motivation, 3. support that received, 4. being of work that they do, 5. Relationship with the organisation. Meanwhile, harmonizing to Gibson ( 1987 ) there ar three factors that affect public presentation 1 ) single factors ability, feat, household background, experience of betrothal, social and demographic degrees of a individual. 2 ) Psychological factors perceptual experience, functions, attitudes, personality, motive and occupation satisfaction 3 ) organisational factors organisational construction, occupation introduction, leading, reward systems.The IndividualAbilityMotivationSupportThe JobDesignIndvidual V police squadJob elementsJob Satisfaction / Dissatisfactionorganisational CommittednessProductivenessQualityServiceHR EffectivenessBeginning Mathis and capital of Mississippi, ( 2000, 81 )Figure 2. Model of Individual / Organizational deedThe public presentation rating ( public presentation assessment ) is fundamentally a cardinal factor in order to develop an organisation efficaciously and expeditiously, due to policies or plans that better the human resources that represent within the organisation. Individual public presentation assessment is really good for the development kineticss of the organisation as a whole, through an approximation can be known about how the existent conditions of employee public presentation. Harmonizing to Bernardin and Russell ( 1993 379 ) A manner of mensurating the part of persons to on their organisation. The public presentation rating is a manner of mensurating the part of persons ( employees ) to the organisations where they work.Harmonizing to Cascio ( 1992 267 ) public presentation rating is a systematic translation or a interpretation of the relevant strengths and failings of a individual or a group. Meanwhile, harmonizing to Wahyudi ( 2002 101 ) a public presentation assessment ratings be conducted sporadically and consistently about their work public presentation / place of a work cram, including its developing potency. Furthermore, sing definition of public presentation assessment Grote ( 2002 ) says that c ognitive operation assessment is a glob direction system that provides for the rating of the quality of an person s public presentation in an organisation . Performance assessment is the procedure of measuring how good employees action their occupations when comp atomic number 18d to a set of criterions, and so pass oning that information to those employees ( Mathis and Jackson, 2000, 384 ) . blether how to do a good public presentation assessment, Messmer ( 2000 ) province that there are several elements of a good public presentation assessment 1 ) preparation of the ends that will be done by workers or draw at the terminal of the idea, 2 ) a list of specific competences or accomplishments to be quantifyd with a successful good example of the behavior / public presentation, 3 ) have table ranking or rating is right for the organisation, 4 ) the infinite for workers in measuring for themselves, 5 ) the infinite for the appraisal supervisors / directors, 6 ) infinite for particular rasets from the director about public presentation of their employees, 7 ) promote the development of worker / employee, 8 ) the end to reorient with the following rating day of the month.Furthermore, in ACAS brochure ( 2005 ) that there are several the general regularisations in explicating a good public presentation appraisal system what is the goal of public presentation appraisal? , who should be assessed? , who conducted the appraisal? , how a great deal should the appraisal take topographic point? , what regularity actings are used in measuring employee public presentation? , how the interviews conducted? .Sing the starts of public presentation assessment system, in ACAS Booklet ( 2005 ) , states that the uncreated intent of appraisal system used for reexamining public presentation, measuring come-at-able employees and place preparation demands and calling planning. besides the public presentation assessment system can be used to find whether the employee s eligible to have fiscal stipends for their public presentation or non.Klatt, Murdick, and Schuster ( 1978 ) study on a scene conducted by Schuster and Kindall ( 1974 ) in which the public presentation assessment patterns of Fortune s d largest corporations are described. Of the 403 corporations fielded, 316 ( 78 % ) reported the usage of some type of formal public presentation assessment system. Futher, they report the public presentation evalutions were used for a assortment of intents, as showed belowTable 1. The intents of assessment systemNo.Uses of AppraisalResponsesNumberPercentage1. deservingness additions or fillips23875,3 %2.Reding employees27888,0 %3.Planing preparation or development for employees27085,4 %4.Sing the publicity of employees26684,2 %5.Sing the keeping or discharge of employees18458,2 %6.Motivating employees to accomplish higher degrees of public presentation26985,1 %7.Bettering company planning17856,3 %8.Other288,9 %Entire company coverage316Beginning Klatt, Murdick, and Schuster ( 1978, p.367 )Other studies likewise conducted by Lazer and Wikstrom ( 1977 ) , based upon a study of 300 companies, that 82 % of the respondents had used public presentation rating for feedback, 70 % for compensation determinations, 67 % for publicities, and 65 % for indetifying preparation and developmental demands. other inquiry worker found exchangeable consequences in their study, Locher and Teel ( 1977 ) said that 71 % of respondents had used public presentation assessment for compensations determinations, 55 % for public presentation betterment programmes, and 11 % for certification.To sum up, the literature suggests that public presentation assessment serves both chief intents the administrative ( on the organisational degree ) and the developmental ( on some(prenominal) the organisational and single degree ) .The major administrative intents of public presentation assessment areTo supply back-up informations for direction determinations si ng salary additions, publicities, transportations, and sometimes demotions or expirations ( McGregor, 1957 Levinson, 1976 ) .To place promotable employees within the organisation for effectual work force planning and use ( Thomson, 1969 Schneier and Beatty, 1979 ) .To supply information that will ease determinations sing preparation and development demands ( Oberg, 1972 ) .The major developmental intents of public presentation assessment areTo supply equal feedback to the employees about how they ve conducted occupation and to propose needed alterations in behavior, attitudes, accomplishments, or occupation cognition ( McGregor, 1957 Thomson, 1969 Oberg, 1972, Levinson, 1976 Schneier and Beatty, 1979 ) .To supply a groundwork for the coaching and guidance of employees by supervisors ( McGregor, 1957 ) .To supply information sing some(prenominal) single and organisational development demands ( Oberg, 1972 ) .Formal public presentation assessment can be accomplished after any p eriod, although it is usually conducted on an one-year footing. Sometimes organisations require that it be done more often, quarterly, or biyearly. buy at public presentation assessments can ensue in greater apprehension of the occupation and betterment in occupation public presentation ( Nathan et al. , 1991. B.R. Nathan, A.M. Mohrman and J. Milliman, interpersonal dealingss as a context for the effects of assessment interview on public presentation and satisfaction a longitudinal survey. Acad. Manage. J. 34 ( 1991 ) , pp. 352-369. respectable Text via CrossRefNathan et Al, 1991 ) . Mathis &038 A Jackson ( 2000, 387 ) province that assessment typically are conducted one time or twice a twelvemonth, most much yearly. For new employees, common timing is to carry on an appraisal 90 yearss after duty, once more at sextette months, and yearly thenceforth. Besides Anderson in Towers ( 1996, 196 ) says that the most common corporate patterns are to keep public presentation assessme nts every twelve months or every six months, although more-frequent and less frequent fluctuations can and make occur.Harmonizing to Bhatia ( 2010 ) , based on the consequences of his inquiry where he has worked with many companies and found that each measure in the assessment procedure should be no more than 4-5 on the job yearss. Further, he said that in measuring the public presentation of at least six phases which wholly takes over 15 35 yearss. The different stairss in the appraisal procedure and their time-line might beNoStairssProposed Time-Line1Employees completing their ego appraisal and hire it to their directors2 yearss2Directors completing the appraisal procedure and subject it to Heads of Departments5 to 10 yearss ( depending on the squad size )3Head of the Departments accurate the mark of their employees and so subject it to the HR section2 to 5 yearss4HR do standardization ( remotion of departmental damage ) throughout the organisation, finish the appraisal tonss and subject it to the directors3 to 12 yearss ( depends on the degree of interaction required )5Directors to discourse the assessment with the employee and so perpetrate those consequences to the employee for concluding credence2 to 5 yearss ( depending on the squad size )6Employees receive their appraisal consequences and mark it1 cardinal hoursEntire Time Taken15 to 35 yearssBeginning Bhatia, 2010Futhermore, public presentation assessment can carry on into deuce ways, informal or formal. The informal assessment is conducted whenever the supervisor feels it necessary. A systematic assessment is used when the contact between director and employee is formal, and a system is in topographic point to describe managerial feelings and observations on employee public presentation ( Mathis &038 A Jackson 2000, Anderson in Towers 1996, Oberg 1972 ) . Although informal assessment is utile, it should non take the topographic point of formal assessment.Performance can be appraised by a bit of methods. Winston &038 A creamer ( 1997 ) said that there are legion methods to mensurate employee s public presentation assessment but some of these methods are non fit in some instances. Effective assessment system should acknowledge lucidity, transparence, and justness give acknowledgment to productiveness through the bribe and recognize the leading qualities of valuators.Harmonizing to Mathis and Jackson ( 2000 393 ) , assorted methods are categorized into four major groupsClass order MethodsComparative MethodsNarrative MethodsBehavioral/Objective MethodsBeginning Mathis and Jackson, ( 2000, 393 )Figure 3. Performance Appraisal MethodsRating is a public presentation assessment proficiency in which adjudicate assess employee public presentation utilizing a graduated table for mensurating the public presentation factors ( public presentation factor ) . For illustration is in mensurating the degree of first and duty of employees. Scale used is 1 to 5, Internet Ex plorer 1 is the worst and 5 is the best. If the degree of inaugural and duty are insouciant employees, for illustration, so he was presumptuousness a value of 3 or 4 and so on to measure other public presentation factors.Critical incidents a public presentation appraisal technique, in which the judge noted about what behavior / accomplishment of the best and worst ( highly good or bad behaviour ) for employees in the assessment period.Ranking is a public presentation assessment technique by comparing employee to another employee with the purpose of seting them in order of value of a undecomposable degree.Narrative study a public presentation appraisal technique, in which the judge write a description about the strenght of employees, their failings, their public presentation in the yesteryear, its possible and provide suggestions for the development of employees.Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales a public presentation appraisal technique, in which judges assess the employee b ased on some type of behaviour that reflects the dimensions of work public presentation and do the graduated table. It is a combination of the evaluation graduated table and critical incident techniques of employee public presentation assessment. management By Objectives ( Comparison with aims ) is an appraisal method that oriented to the accomplishment of employment marks. In the MBO method, each single employee is given his ain mark, which corresponds to the work whole ends in one period of work. MBO public presentation appraisal methods conducted at the terminal of the period refers to the realisation of the mark.Harmonizing to Jafari, Bourouni and Amiri ( 2009 ) , they propose a model for the plectrum of appraisal methods and compare some public presentation assessment methods in order to ease the choice procedure for organisations. The model is based on six factors which are developing demands rating, go bystance with institutes, excite staff to be better, ability to compare , terms of method, and free of mistake. This model is theoretical in nature, and is build based on a reappraisal of related literature. The model called unreserved Additive Weighting ( SAW ) , and the concluding consequence of their query as shown belowTable 2. The Grade of Performance Appraisal Method based on SAWNo.MethodsMethod s Grades1Management By Objective0.912360 course Feedback0.873Parallel barss0.824The checklist0.725Forced pick, Ranking0.666The critical incident0.547The in musical composition evaluation graduated table0.518The essay0.40Beginning Jafari, Bourouni and Amiri ( 2009 )The tabular array higher up shows that the method of MBO has top class, because the MBO is the best method of public presentation appraisal. Following, 360-degree feedback, debar and checklist are the most suited method for the appraisal. Forced pick method and Ranking, include group order ranking, single ranking and paired comparing, are apathetic. It means that if the human resource dire ctor uses each of them for their employees public presentation assessment, his ( or her ) consent will be the same. The critical incident, the in writing evaluation graduated table and the essay are the worst method to utilize.The procedure of public presentation assessment and employee motive are related. Futhermore, in all excessively many instances the relation is negative that is, the supervisor who does the evaluation may attach small importance to the procedure and may even resent holding to transport it out. When this attitute rubs off on the employee, there is a negative overall motivational consequence. Under berhaviorally based systems, more positive consequences can be achieved ( Burgess,1984 ) .Motivation vs wage SystemTypically organisations use compensation to actuate employees. stipend is a benefit received by employees for services that have been given to the company, it could be fiscal benefits in the build of salary, rewards, pay inducements, fillips, insuranc e, and allowances, and benefits non-financially in the signifier of physical conditions of work environment, and paysheet systems applied by the company. Motivation can non be imposed, the wagess can actuate some employees but non needfully able to actuate other employees. Employees will be motivated to make better work when they feel that the benefits granted distributed reasonably. Allow a sensed lack of just and worthy cause assorted jobs, for which the company must recognize that the system of compensation that is applied will impact employee motive. High employee motive will better employee public presentation which finally will better public presentation of company.Fairness is a fundamental of the compensation or salary system ( Newman &038 A Milkovich, 2004 8 ) . A statement such as just intervention for all employees reflects a concern for justness. The intent of justness seeks to guarantee justice of compensation to all persons in employment relationships. The intent o f justness focal point on doing compensation systems that recognizes both the part of workers ( the higher the public presentation or experience or developing the higher the compensation given ) and the demands of workers ( giving lower verge rewards, or wellness insurance ) .Harmonizing Simamora ( 2004 449 ) , equity compensation is divided into three, viz. 1. External equityAppropriate pay rates with salary applicable to similar occupations in the external labour market. Assessed by comparing the external equity occupations similar between organisations unparalleled. Two conditions must be met ( 1 ) . work is being compared must be equal or about equal, and ( 2 ) . the surveyed organisations have a similar size, mission, and its sector.2. Internal equitySalary degrees are appropriate / inappropriate to value the internal work for the company. Internal justness is a map of the comparative degree position of a occupation in the organisation, the economic value of the work, or socie tal position of a occupation, such as power, influence, and its position in the hierarchy of the organisation. Associated with a plurality of internal equity in wages between different occupations within an organisation.3. Individual equityIndividual worker feels that he is treat reasonably compared to his co-workers. When a worker receives compensation from the companies, the perceptual experience of equity is influenced by two factors ( 1 ) the ratio of compensation to the input of attempt, instruction, preparation, contrary to adverse working conditions of a individual, ( 2 ) comparing of this ratio with the ratio of other workers who come into contact with him straight.Salary system created and organized to accomplish certain ends ( Newman &038 A Milkovich, 2004 7 ) . These aims include efficiency, equity ( equity ) and ossification in conformity with the Torahs and statute law in force. Efficiency objectives specifically include increased productiveness and control cost of labour. Conformity, as a end, related to the execution of all Torahs and ordinances on compensation. When the legal and statutory ordinances are changed, so the compensation system itself besides needs to be adjusted, so that eligibility purposes can go on to run.Salary is a cardinal factor that can impact relationships in the workplace. The degree and distribution of wages and allowances can hold a major influence on the efficiency of any organisation, every bit good as on the morale and productiveness of labour. Therefore it is of import that organisations develop pay systems that suit them, that gives value for bullion, and that wages workers reasonably for the work they do.Salary system is a method in giving the award to person for his parts to the organisation. Ideally, the system must be simple and clear to follow and understand, so workers can easy happen out how they are affected. ( ACAS Booklet, 2005 Simamora, 2004 ) .Conceptual ModelThe conceptual theoretical account of this interrogation company productiveness has relationships with public presentation of employees, and employees public presentation linked with motive. The linkage can be throught of as followsCorporateProductivenessEmployeePerformanceSalarySystemPerformance Appraisal SystemEmployeeMotivationFair / EquityClear / UnderstandableCompetitiveAimsSporadicallyAppropriate methodBeginning Created by Author, adopted from many beginning.Figure 3. Linkage among corporate productiveness, public presentation assessment system and salary systemBased on the image can be explained that the company productiveness has relationships with public presentation of employees, where the premise that the better public presentation of the employee will do an impact that company productiveness will be better. Furthermore, employees public presentation is non irrespective of the motive owned by employees. Several factors can impact the motive of employees associated with the public presentation of one of the m is the execution of public presentation assessment and wage system. Although many factors that influence employee motive and public presentation. Furthermore, from the image above with the premise that with the execution of an verifiable public presentation appraisal, usage of appropriate methods, the periodic executing, and execution of compensation that is just, clear and competitory consequences will be honoring and actuating employees to work better. With high employee motive, it is expected that the public presentation of employees will increase productiveness of the company which subsequently rose as good. High productiveness is one of the ends of an organisation.Purpose Of This ResearchThe intent of this survey is to cognize the correlativity among, corporate productiveness, public presentation appraisal and salary system, and besides to develop quantitative relationships among them, so can mensurate how motivated person at work.Methodology adoptedThe type of research is experimental research. Sing the experimental research, harmonizing to Landman ( 1988 82 ) that experimental research is research designed to dissect the causes and effects. The basic construction of this sort of research is the two state of affairss ( the causes and effects ) are assessed to do comparings. Research experiments in rule can be defined as a systematic method to construct relationships that contain the phenomenon of cause and consequence. The construct of the research experiment begins with understanding a simple illustration on inquiries associating to how the relationship of one or more variables in certain conditions.Location of researchThis research behavior on figure of companies in capital of Indonesia and Surabaya, Indonesia. Why did Jakarta and Surabaya? First, It might be assumed that Jakarta, as the national capital metropolis, possessed every necessary belong toings to back up a developing economic system experienced labour ( many university alumnuss wen t to Jakarta together with other job-seekers ) , a capital market, transit and communicating webs, a haven, airdrome, banking system, and cardinal authorities. Most foreign and home(prenominal) investing was allocated to this part. Between 60 and 70 per cent of Indonesia s money supply circulated in the Jakarta megalopolis ( Santosa, 2004 ) . Second, Since the 1940s, easterly umber has been Indonesia s second major Centre of industrial development after Jakarta. Surabaya, the provincial capital, its second biggest modern metropolis after Jakarta. Profiting from a business-friendly, dynamic provincial authorities, East Java s industry sector contributed to a provincial growing rate higher than for the Indonesian economic system as a whole. The mean one-year growing rate in East Java in 2005-2006 was 5,8 % , and in 2007-2008, 6,1 % . These figures were higher than the growing rates for Indonesia, which were 5,5 % and 6 % severally. ( Beginning Planning Board of East Java Province ( Bappeprov ) , 2009 )SamplingThe essay is administer of the population. That means there will non try if there is no population. world is the component or elements which we shall carefully. Research conducted over the full component is called a nose count. Ideally, that research consequences more trusty, a research worker should carry on the nose count. But for one thing research workers could non analyze all elements that, therefore he can make is analyze some of the whole component or elements earlier.Harmonizing to Sekaran ( 1992 ) , assorted plausible grounds wherefore the research workers did non carry on a nose count among other things the population so much so that in pattern it is non possible all the elements studied limited research clip, cost, and human resources, the research worker must hold been satisfied if the survey examines some of the elements even, sometimes, a survey of samples can be more dependable than on the population.if the elements every bit good as a homogenous population, a survey of all elements of the population to be unreasonableFuthermore, Roscoe ( 1975 ) in Sekaran ( 1992 ) provides counsel on determination the figure of samples as followsWe recommend that sample sizes between 30 to ergocalciferol elements,If the sample was split once more into a subsample ( male / female, simple school, Junior / Senior High School, etc. ) , the minimal figure should be 30 subsample,In the multivariate survey ( including multivariate arrested development synopsis ) the sample size should be several times larger ( to 10 times ) than the figure of variables to be analyzed.To analyze a simple experiment, with exacting controls, the sample size can be between 10 to 20 elements.Following Roscoe ( 1975 ) , due to the sort of this research is experimental research, therefore sample sizes between 10 and 20 are appropriate for this research. Therefore, it is decided to aim a sum of 13 companies, which is have location at Jakarta and Surabaya co nducted in randomize. The surveyed corporations have different type of ownership and are from different sectors. The corporations can be state-owned, local, private, a foreign-owned or join venture and belong to service and the fabrication sectors. The figure of samples is considered effectual based on the ready(prenominal) figure of establishments, research inquiries investigated ( Cavana, Delahaye &038 A Sekaran, 2001 ) , and besides this affair because of restriction of cost and clip in this research. The respondents of this research are HRD Managers / HR Specialist / HR Supervisor in the sampled houses.Beginning of Data and Instruments of ResearchIn this research, the beginning of informations divide into two sorts primary informations and secondary informations. Primary informations include questionnaire study for analysing execution of public presentation assessment system and salary system, besides conduct interviews with respondents sampled. For secondary informations inc lude company study, papers that relevant, and literature reappraisals.The major instruments used for informations aggregation in this research were questionnaire and interview. However, the interview method was merely used to supplement the questionnaires that were distributed to the respondents. The research worker made the questionnaires anon. by intentionally excluding such in the altogether inquiries like name of the respondent because of its utility to the research.In informations aggregation non merely by utilizing questionnaire and interview, but besides certification. Data collection of obtained daring of this research topographic point organisation is done, that is documentation refering informations of employees public presentation, company profile, company location, and others.In fixing the questionnaire in this survey, the research worker refered to the ACAS brochure ( 2005 ) which explained the general rules in explicating a good public presentation assessment system what is the intent of public presentation appraisal? , who should be assessed? , who conducted the appraisal? , how frequently should the appraisal take topographic point? , what methods are used in measuring employee public presentation? , how the interviews conducted? . Besides sing to the salary system Is a salary system just, simple and clear to follow and understand, so workers can easy happen out how they are affected?The research worker determines the weights of instrument based on literature study, which is each of the replies in the questionnaire is given weight with scale interval 1-10. Then, from each of those replies made rank, in which points that have replies highest weight is the consequence of the most ideal or suited harmonizing to the research workers, and so on. The weight is given to find the place of each of the replies compared to other replies.For the intent of this survey, productiveness was treated as the dependant variable while public presentation assesmen t system and salary system as independent variable. The definition of variable operational areDependent Variables is coporate productivenessCorporate Productivity ( Y ) dependant variable has been measured by how much net net income from trading divided by the entire figure of employees of the house.Independent Variables have been defined as followsPerformance appraisal system ( X1 ) This variable has been defined as the public presentation appraisal that implemented by the company, include the aim of public presentation assessment, sort of public presentation assessment, frequency of public presentation assessment have been behavior, the clip consume for for complete the procedure of public presentation assessment, the methods that used to measure employees public presentation, execution of public presentation assessment system.Salary system ( X2 ) This variable has been defined as wage system which behavior, about equity, fight, and lucidity of salary systemFactorial DesignIn t his survey, research workers used a factorial design to look into the influence of two independent variables on a individual dependant variable. Factorial design is really utile for research workers and field scientists in carry oning preliminary surveies, which allows them to measure whether there is a relationship between variables or non, while cut downing the possibility of experimental mistake and confounding variables.Factorial design represent application compare of regresi that is technique to give relation theoretical account among respon variable with one or more independent variable. Factorial design used on test to find simulationly consequence from some factor and important interaction ( Bolton, 1997 ) . Factorial design two degree mean there is two factor ( for illustration A and B ) what is the each factor tested at two different degree, that is low degree and high degree. equivalence of factorial design shall be as followsY = b0 + b1XA + b2 XB + b12 XAXBY = Corpora te productiveness ( NPAT/number of employees ) .XA = Performance assesment systemXB = Salary systemb0, b1, b2, b12 = coefficient or constanta, can cipher from consequence of experiment.ORY = I*X1 + I?*X2 +I?*X1 X2Field StudyTable 1. The Companies Name, Status, Location and Type as SampledNOCompany NameStatusLocationType1PT. KGPOE sSurabayaRetail2PT. CFPOE sSurabayaRetail3PT. WAPOE sGresikcementum Distributor4PT. INPOE sDjakarta picture &038 A Printing5PT. TKSOE sMojokertoFabrication, Pulp &038 A Paper6PT. MACPOE sSurabayaServicess /Health7PT. RZPOE sSurabayaServicess / Advertising &038 A Event Organizer8PT. PGSOE sDjakartaFabrication, Instalation9PT. HAIPOE sDjakartaFabrication, Food10PT. ABDAPOE sDjakartaFinance &038 A Insurance11PT. TMPPOE sDjakartaPrinting &038 A Printing12PT. WKSOE sDjakartaConstruction Servicess13PT. UMPOE sMalangFabrication, TobbacosNotePOE s = Private Owned endeavourSOE s = State Owned EnterpriseFrom the tabular array above can be explained that in this survey the figure of houses selected indiscriminately sampled, located in Jakarta, Surabaya and its environing countries with assorted types and countries of production. Where there are 10 companies are private-owned companies and 3 state-owned companies.NoCompany NameNet net income 2009 / twelvemonth ( IDR )Number of employeesProductivity / Year1PT. KG7.800.000.000,00one hundred fifty-five50.322.580,652PT. CF9.000.000.000,0015060.000.000,003PT. WA49.440.000.000,00121408.595.041,324PT. IN108.199.710.608,00700154.571.015,155PT. TK378.580.000.000,0012.84429.475.241,366PT. MAC54.000.000.000,00187288.770.053,487PT. RZ523.000.000,00559.509.090,918PT. PG6.229.043.496.319,001.7003.664.143.233,139PT. HAI3.000.000.000.000,003.009997.008.973,0810PT. ABDA14.087.000.000,0045031.304.444,4411PT. TMP3.000.000.000,0019515.384.615,3812PT. WK132.621.941.132,006.00022.103.656,8613PT. UM59.825.400.000,0060099.709.000,00Beginning Primary Data, 2010 comment how the study was doneConsequenceNOCompany Nam eX1 SumX2 SumPRODUCTIVITY / Year1PT. KG331850.322.580,652PT. CF421860.000.000,003PT. WA4824408.595.041,324PT. IN7224154.571.015,155PT. TK782129.475.241,366PT. MAC8524288.770.053,487PT. RZ34189.509.090,918PT. PG54183.664.143.233,139PT. HAI3621997.008.973,0810PT. ABDA602431.304.444,4411PT. TMP562115.384.615,3812PT. WK441822.103.656,8613PT. UM482499.709.000,00Development of Correlation FunctionDecision and Recommendations